ronald reagan a true american hero Essay example

Reagan: A True American Hero† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;â€Å"We will continue our quest in space. There will be more flights and more space shuttle crews. And, yes, more volunteers.† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;-Ronald Reagan nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Ronald Reagan, viewed by some as a true American hero, was as stupendous as presidents can be. His dramatic speeches and down-to-earth personality made people proud to be American. Ronald Reagan seemed more then American. He was a patriot. Ronald Reagan cared deeply for the American people as well at their values. Our nation now felt,†¦show more content†¦Another huge impact on Reagan was Nixon. First, Reagan helped him to get into presidency. Then, when Nixon’s term was over, Reagan ran against him (Brown 47.) When Ronald got into office, he set a number of primary goals for his campaign. One of his biggest goals was to put a stop to terrorism. When a bomb exploded in a U.S. soldiers’ barracks in Lebanon, 1983, Reagan became enraged. He was bent on stopping the suspected culprit, Muammal al-Quddadafi, a Lybian dictator. He never succeeded in doing this. In addition, he wanted to put a stop to the ongoing violence in Israel, especially when Israel invaded Lebanon. (â€Å"Ronald Reagan† 236.) Many may say that Ronald Reagan’s ideals were far out of reach. Some saw his goals as â€Å"chameleon-like,† often changing his opinions to appeal to a particular group. In addition, he caused a great amount of tension between the US and the Soviet Union by ordering to replenish the U.S. nuclear arsenal by 25%. Overall, middle-class and upper-class people agreed with him. His orders to increase the arsenal sent the national debt down to 3 trillion dollars, one of the worst amount of debt to be drained by one president. All of the extra nuclear weapons and debt were because of his almost paranoid fear of the Soviets. (Fox M. Virginia 88-11.) Overall, Ronald was the right person at a critical time because his choices always seemed right. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;At the time of Reagan’s prominence, the attention of theShow MoreRelatedRonald Reagan: a True American Hero1204 Words   |  5 PagesReagan: A True American Hero We will continue our quest in space. There will be more flights and more space shuttle crews. And, yes, more volunteers. -Ronald Reagan Ronald Reagan, viewed by some as a true American hero, was as stupendous as presidents can be. His dramatic speeches and down-to-earth personality made people proud to be American. Ronald Reagan seemed more then American. He was a patriot. Ronald Reagan cared deeply for the American people as well at their valuesRead MoreEssay about Ronald Reagan, a True Hero770 Words   |  4 PagesRonald Reagan was a true hero to many Americans. He was a strong president who cared for this country dearly, and Reagan really proved this by his actions during his presidency. He also proved his love for country by serving in the U.S Army during World War II. Ronald Reagan also came through as a hero by fixing the American Economy that was heading for disaster just like today’s. If you can reflect on what he had accomplished throughout his administration you can clearly see why he was a popularRead MoreThe Presidential Election For The Presidency Of The United States1425 Words   |  6 Pagesfor the presidency of the United States, one might reach the conclusion that Ronald Reagan never left the campaign trail.   In the second GOP debate alone, the â€Å"Great Communicator’s† name was brought up a total of 23 times, which even exceeds the number of times Donald Trump mentioned China.   One of the comments coming from Jeb Bush was â€Å"I’m on the Reagan side of this.†   Additionally, Senator Marco Rubio stated that â€Å"Reagan and his approach worked (CITE).†   The candidates worked hard to evoke memoriesRead MoreRonald Reag A Hero2072 Words   |  9 PagesRonald Reagan was our 46th president of the United States and a true hero to many Americans. His strong belief’s helped him become a strong president, who cared for his country and proved it in many ways. For instance, he helped end the cold war and shape the U.S. government. He also helped many immigrants become citizens of the United States. Reagan also became a hero to many citizens by fixing the American economy that wasn’t doing so well after the Great Depression. Ronald Reagan is consideredRead MoreCelebrity Politicians3230 Words   |  13 Pagesplace in the United States of America allows all Americans to have their say in what occurs in this country. Through the power of the vote, Americans can decide who they want to represent them in every level of the government. Getting elected, however, is not as easy as it sounds. It would reasonable to assume that a candidate would be elected to their position if they are more qualified than their opponents. This however is becoming less and less true. Nowadays, instead of always voting for theRead MoreThe Legacy Of President Reagan1066 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the best presidents in the U.S. was Ronald Reagan. He was characterized by the love he showed to the country, many even considered him a hero. Reagan prove the American population what a true president is and what to expect of a president. Furthermore, he had a great communication with individuals and just by saying one word he could persuade the whole nation. When Reagan became president he was sure on the things that had to be done for the country. He compromise on the cut of taxes, curbRead MoreRonald Reagan, The Great Communicator Of The United States Of America Essay2033 Words   |  9 PagesRonald Wilson Reagan, the great communicator of the United States of America began his legacy of embodying the conservative movement during one of the most famous speeches in American history. Before Ronald Reagan became the fortieth president of the United States, he began his switch from acting and movies to government and politics. Early in Reagan’s career he saw himself as a democrat, with Theodore Roosevelt as his hero. This would change thru his acting and professional career as Ronald ReaganRead MoreRonald Reagan s Rise Of Power5415 Words   |  22 PagesDuring Ronald Reagan’s rise to power, California was a hub of cultural change and ethnic diversity. Nevertheless, California embodied the American ideals of opportunity that proliferated during the era- the opportunity for prosperity and success and upward social mobility through hard work. The economic output of the â€Å"nation’s state† was spectacular, rivaling even some of the largest nations of the time, surpassed only by six other nations. (Governor Reagan) This unmatched economic dominance wasRead MoreA Hero Essay939 Words   |  4 Pages                                                               Hero         A hero is defined as many things. While many people consider heroes to be larger than life figured, Christopher Reeves says that, A hero is an ordinary person, who preserves, and endures despite overwhelming challenges. This quote analyzes an unconventional definition of a hero from Christopher Reeves point of view. What truly makes a hero is the courage to say that, it is not one, which is the hero it is someone else. Someone else that foughtRead MoreThe Cold War Of The Soviet Union2085 Words   |  9 Pagesthings Reagan was known for his is stance on communist and his commitment to end the Cold War. Reagan was not afraid of the Soviet Union like his Carter or Ford who served as President before him. He told the Secretary of Defense to order whatever is needed and not to worry about the budget. He wanted to be in a position of strength, that way he believed he would be able to negotiate with them; he had a saying of â€Å"To build up to build down† http://mille rcenter.org/president/biography/reagan-domestic-affairs

Risk Areas Of The Royal Bank Of Canada Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1299 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Royal Bank of Canada (RBC) is the largest bank in Canada in terms of the assets and market capitalization. It provides diversified financial services including Canadian and international banking for personal users and commercial users, wealth management services, insurance, corporate and investment banking, capital markets and transaction processing services. Risks are lack of certainty of outcome and they are measured by set of probabilities in order to estimate the loss. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Risk Areas Of The Royal Bank Of Canada Finance Essay" essay for you Create order A superior wealthy financial service company should be able to solve any expected risks and unexpected risks to minimize the loss for all shareholders. The main purpose of this report is to examine how a financial intermediary faces the potential risk management challenges. The purpose of this research paper is to identify three major risk areas that Royal Bank of Canada has identified in its annual report. We will target one of these risks and provide further information on the actions that the bank takes to manage that risk. The sources of information will be the banks website, annual report by the banks and the concept that we have learned from this course and other sources as well. Risk Management The management of Royal Bank discussed different type of risk management in its 2010 annual report. The analysis is provided to enable the existing or potential clients, shareholders to assess how RBC has managed the risks with proper rules and guidelines. Royal Bank has an unique system to manage the following risks: credit risk, market risk, liquidity risk, operational risk, strategic risk, regulatory and legal risk, reputation risk, insurance risk, environment risk and other risk factors. In this report, three major risk areas that we will be briefly discussed are credit risk, market risk and reputation risk. Credit risk will be analyzed in detailed. 1) Credit risk Credit risk is 2) Market risk Market risk is 3) Reputation risk Reputation is one of the successful factors in all businesses or organizations. A good reputation can build trust and confidence with the clients and the shareholders. Reputation risk is a possible risk that the organization or its representative Detailed Examination on Credit Risk Let us define credit risk in two ways. The first way is how Saunders defines it. The textbook defines credit risk as not getting paid in full, whereas RBC defines credit risk not getting paid at all. This term varies across organizations. RBC is exposed to credit risk in many ways since they offer a wide variety of services and products in Canada and around the world that rely on customers credit. In almost all of their products it is trust-based, and credit-based.  Some of these services and products include: asset-backed financing margin lending securities lending and project finance loans credit cards lines and letters of credit, residential and commercial mortgages. How the Bank Examine the Credit Risk The way RBC examines risk is by quantifying the credit risk, at both individual and portfolio levels, with an aim to minimize expected and unexpected losses. They use different tools to assess risk for wholesale and retail portfolios. The wholesale aspect consists of med to large size businesses, sovereign and bank exposures, while the retail portfolios consist of residential mortgages, lines of credit, credit cards, and small business loans. RBC makes an approach in two ways under the Basel II, Advanced Internal Rating Based and Standardized. The key parameters they use can be broken into 3 parts: Probability of Default (PD): measures the probability of default by a obligor within one-year of signing the contract for a loan. Exposure at default (EAD): the remaining amount owed to the bank at the time default. Loss given default (LGD): estimated percentage of the EAD that will not be recovered in the event of default. When it comes to rated exposures, mainly in the bank classes, RBC assigns the risk-weight based on OSFIs standardized mapping. When it comes to unrated exposures, mainly in the small business and retail classes, RBC will generally apply pre-determined risk weights brought on by OSFI along with the guidelines that theyve set, where they consider techniques to deal with exposure type, credit risk mitigation and counterparty. Wholesale credit Portfolio This system built to measure the credit risk in their wholesale lending activities. How this system works is each obligor is assigned a borrowers risk rating or BRR and every BRR is assigned PD. The BRR is essentially what differentiates one borrower from another in terms how likely they will have a hard time paying back their obligations if things do right in the economy. Retail credit Portfolio When it comes to the retail portfolios, credit scoring is way of assessing primary risk of an obligor in paying its debt. Credit scoring is achieved by acquiring new clien ts, or by managing existing clients to estimate future credit performance. During the acquisition scoring model, credit risk on a person is established based on past employment data, or other external credit bureaus to estimate future credit performance. So the best example would be a person just applying for a first time credit card. Usually students are in this category. Those who never had one usually begin with a low limit credit card until they develop a credit history. Behavioural scoring is a continuous monitoring process on a persons credit. The best example for this would be a person getting their very first credit card and been using it for some time. The bank that issued this persons card and took a risk by issuing this card, can now observe his or her performance and determine their credibility for future references. Every banks main purpose is to minimize default risk and to reduce the chances of giving somebody some loans or credit that they might not recover at all. After a person has been using credit cards for some time, it is easier to get approved the second time since they have established a credit history with another bank already. What determines a good credit is if the person has been paying their debt on time, making the minimum payments on time, whether they applied for a loan or not, thing of that nature. Applying for too many credit cards can also reduce someones credit rating and it takes a long time to recover from a bad credit. One important place that we never think of that dips out credit rating is at the dealerships. Even if you go in just to take a look at the car you want, the next thing is before you buy a car, the salesperson will ask for a drivers license to have your credit checked to see if youre eligible for a loan commitment to own the car. Sometime we get in the moment and dont think about it but does bring down your credit rating. One example of that is, I was interested in a Dodge so I kept going into diffe rent Dodge dealerships asking about that one car. Everywhere I went they asked to check my credit. At one point my credit went from Approved to Not Approved because I had my credit checked everywhere, sometimes in other provinces in case I wanted to have the car brought to BC. When I went to Ford dealership for another car, the finance manager printed out my credit history and asked me why I had so many Dodge listed. After I explained my situation, he advised me that was the reason my credit dropped but knew otherwise it would be more than enough to get a Ford, so I was approved! Credit Risk Mitigation Structuring of transaction: Includes the use of guarantees, security, seniority and covenants. The third-party guarantors that RBC deals with are primarily Sovereign-sponsored agencies. Collateral: RBC makes sure they receive some sort of collateral on larger loans, depending on the borrower, and what type of loan.

The National Coalition Against the Death Penalty Free Essays

The death penalty has been a fairly contentious issue in the United States since 1930 when statistics first began to be regularly collected. By the late 1960s, an unofficial moratorium took place due to mounting opposition to the law that was authorized in all but 10 states. In 1972, the Supreme Court struck down the ‘arbitrary and capricious’ state and federal death penalty laws (History of the Death Penalty, â€Å"Death Penalty† â€Å"Moratorium†). We will write a custom essay sample on The National Coalition Against the Death Penalty or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, the 1976 rulings re-imposing the capital punishment brought to the fore the gravity of the issue for the American public. The Supreme Court decision bringing back the controversial law was met with concerted efforts by those who vigorously oppose death penalty. One entity that perhaps best symbolizes opposition to its reinstatement is the National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty (NCADP), a coalition organization formed shortly after the Supreme Court ruling. The NCADP has, since its formation in 1976, been the only national organization with a full staff that is devoted exclusively to the abolishment of the capital punishment. Its work includes the providing of information and public policy advocates and the mobilization of, and support for, individuals and institutions sharing the unconditional rejection of the death penalty (National Coalition  ¶ 1). NCADP Mission and Goals The main argument of the NDADP in its stand against the death penalty is the belief that the ultimate punishment equates to the devaluation of all human life. With the execution of the capital offender, the organization believes that the spiritual transformation intrinsic to every human being is denied. The organization also argues three other critical concerns, namely: the irrevocability of the capital punishment within a dishearteningly fallible judicial system; the law’s race and class bias against the poor and racial minorities, and the death penalty’s intrinsic violation of our most basic human rights. The National Coalition for the Abolition of the Death Penalty, based in Washington D.C., boasts of a 30-year history of organizing opposition to the U.S. death penalty (Hogan Hartson Announcements). One of the more prominent heads of NCADP has been Sister Helen Prejean CSJ, a Roman Catholic nun of the Sisters of St. Joseph of Medaille. Serving the organization from 1993 to 1995, Prejean became a crusader against the death penalty following her ministering and witnessing many executions beginning with that of Louisiana convicted murderer Elmo Patrick Sonnier. Her autobiographical account of the relationship she made with Sonnier became the basis for the film and opera Dead Man Walking. (Helen Prejean  ¶ 1-4). The mission of the National Coalition Against the Death Penalty is organized around the four central mission areas of legislative advocacy, grassroots advocacy, media advocacy and human rights advocacy. Believing that the abolition of the capital punishment in the United States can be achieved using a multi-faceted approach, the NCADP spells out its four-core mission as follows: Legislative Advocacy – cooperating with policy-makers and their constituents to adopt legislation that opposes the death penalty at the local, state, as well as national level. Media Advocacy – using mainly local and state media to broaden the public criticism of the capital punishment. Grassroots Advocacy – providing assistance to NCADP affiliates in organizing activities that oppose the death penalty and in reaching out to American communities to take a stand against the death penalty. Human Rights Advocacy – highlighting the capital punishment as a violation of human rights and   Ã‚  Ã‚   working to gain the support of the world in abolishing the death penalty in the United States. (National Coalition â€Å"Our Focus†). NCADP Strategy and Tactics The organization conducts its campaign against capital punishment using its four non-violent advocacy methods at the local, state and national levels. (National Coalition, Wikipedia  ¶ 2). The use of information dissemination is an important tool of the NCADP towards the goal of abolishing death penalty in the United States. Primarily using the local media, which it believes to be the greater news source of the American public, NCADP works to inform about facts and figures that strengthen the call against capital punishment. Through other media outlets including its website www.ncadp.org and the national media, it presents many eye-opening if not disturbing data on the modern implementation of death penalty in the country. The death penalty related information the NCADP provides is essentially statistics-based, perhaps in the effort to be scientific and less incontrovertible. It extensively collects and presents telling information such as: – 95 percent of the nearly 4,000 death convicts are so poor that they were unable to hire a private attorney. – African Americans comprise 42% of those currently on death row despite the fact that they make up a mere 12% of the total population. – More than 60% of those convicted to die for childhood offenses since the 1976 re-imposition have either been African Americans or Latinos (National Coalition, Fact Sheet).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Being a coalition organization, the NCADP strategy in seeking the legal abolition of death penalty includes forging linkages with state and local, national and international affiliates.   It has local affiliates in Alabama, Arizona and California and its national affiliates include Amnesty International, USA Program   to Abolish the Death Penalty. The NCADP also counts international affiliates from the United Kingdom (Death Penalty UK Death Row: Reprieve UK), Germany (German Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty (GCADP), France (Coalition for Truth and Justice; Ensemble contre la peine de mort) and Botswana (The Botswana Centre for Human Rights). The NCADP also list as an ally the Missourians Against State Killing organization (National Coalition â€Å"Affiliates†). Successes and Failures In evaluating its success or failure, many factors can be used to gauge the NCADP. Organization- and support-wise, America’s leading financial evaluator of independent charities, Charity Navigator, shows a successful picture of the NCADP. The National Coalition for the Abolition of the Death Penalty is considered a charity organization and its continued existence as the largest in its advocacy reflects the considerable support the American public has given it. No less than Charity Navigator gives it a thumbs up for financial health. Moreover, Charity Navigator has for the last three years given NCADP a consistent four-star overall rating (60++ percent from 2003-2005). Rating the coalition three stars for efficiency and four stars for capacity, Charity Navigator gives NCADP the highest overall peer rating along with the A.J. Muste Memorial Institute. (Charity Navigator â€Å"Rating,† â€Å"Peer Analysis†). In terms of the success of its mission of abolishing the capital punishment, the milestones in the collective efforts of all anti-death penalty advocates can be considered as success for the coalition organization itself. The NCADP recognizes the 2003 commutation for over 150 death convicts—the largest in modern American history—by Illinois Gov. George Ryan as   ‘a turning point in the debate over capital punishment’ in the country (NCADP Welcomes  ¶ 1 3). A most recent development is the 2005 Supreme Court in Roper V. Simmons ruling against the imposition of the death penalty for those under 18 years of age at the time of the crime. Another good news came in 2004 when the high court of New York declared death penalty unconstitutional. In terms of failures, the most obvious proof that NCADP has not met its goal is the fact that the capital punishment still exists as legal over more of the United States. Specific legislations have also strengthened death penalty as when President Bill Clinton signed two anti-terrorism laws in 1994 and 1996 that expanded federal death penalty and restricted federal court reviews, respectively (Information Center â€Å"Timeline†). However, judging by public support for and against the death penalty based on protracted Gallup Poll surveys, it would seem that the efforts of the anti-death penalty advocates—including the NCADP’s media advocacy—appear to be finally paying off. From the 1970s when the organization was formed until 1994, a great majority of Americans favored the death penalty over life imprisonment as penalty for murder. From 1994 to 1997, however, the number of Americans favoring life imprisonment instead has grown steadily. As of May 2004, even after the September 11 attacks, the number of those who favor death penalty was only marginally higher than those who go for life imprisonment (Information Center â€Å"Public Support†). NCADP has a charity privacy policy that requires the donor to inform the charity to remove his or her name and other contact information from the mailing lists sold, traded or shared. Current leadership of the NCADP has Diann Rust-Tierney as Executive Director and Jason Zanon as the Interim Executive Director (Charity Navigator â€Å"Donor Privacy Policy† ; â€Å"Leadership†). Works Cited Charity Navigator. Charity Rating: National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty. Charity Navigator website.;http://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm/bay/search.summary/orgid/7734.htm;. Death Penalty Information Center. Part II: History of the Death Penalty. DPIC website. 19 Dec. 2006;http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/article.php?scid=15;did=411;. â€Å"Helen Prejean.† Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 11 Dec 2006, 21:42 UTC. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 19 Dec 2006 ;http://en.wikipedia.org /w/index.php?title=Helen_Prejean;oldid=93663475;. History of the Death Penalty ; Recent Developments. University of Alaska Anchorage Justice Center. Updated 2 May 2005. ;http://justice.uaa.alaska.edu/ death/history.html#unitedstates;. Hogan ; Hartson. Announcements. Hogan ; Hartson website. 19 Dec. 20016 ;http://www.hhlaw.com/newsstand/detail.aspx?news=686;. National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty. About the NCADP. NCADP website. 19 Dec. 2006 ;http://www.ncadp.org/about_us.html;. National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty. Affiliate Links. NCADP website. 19 Dec. 2006 ;http://ncadp.org/affiliate_links.html;. National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty. Fact Sheet: The Death Penalty and Racial Bias. NCADP website. 19 Dec. 2006. ;http://www.ncadp.org/fact_sheet2.html;. â€Å"National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty.† Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 16 Oct 2006, 22:32 UTC. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 19 Dec 2006 ;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/ index.php?title=National_Coalition_to_Abolish_the_Death_Penalty;oldid=81876029;. NCADP Welcomes Largest Commutation Of Death Sentences In Modern U.S. History. 11 Jan. 2003. Initiative gegen die Todesstrafe website.19 Dec. 2006 ;http://www.initiative- gegen-die-todesstrafe.de/ncadp.htm;. ; ; ; ; ; How to cite The National Coalition Against the Death Penalty, Essay examples

Continuous Improvement of Operational Delivery

Questions: 1. Explain the aims and objectives of continuous improvement in operational delivery? 2. Define what the term total quality managementmeans in relation to operational delivery? 3. Compare and contrast twotheoretical approaches to continuous improvement and quality management? 4. Describe the relationship between continuous improvement and total quality management? Answers: Introduction Continuous improvement is a constant effort for improving the products, services or its related processes. These efforts can seek incremental improvement over time or breakthrough improvement all at once. Kaizen is a journey adopted by organizations to use their personal creativity and ingenuity for identification of issues so that they can be resolved. Total quality management or TQM refers to a management approach to attain customer satisfaction by improving products, services, processes and the working culture (Psomas 2016). Continuous improvement is explicit, precise and sometimes spontaneous as well, varied over its formal and informal nature. It involves working continually to enhance quality of products, processes, systems and structure. This report would focus in highlighting the significance of continuous improvement in operational delivery. The report explains the aims and objectives of continuous improvement in operational delivery. Further, total quality management is con ceptually elaborated. The relationship between continuous improvement and total quality management is identified. A comparison and contrast between the two theoretical approaches to continuous improvement and quality management are also explained. Lastly, a description for the relationship between continuous improvement and total quality management is provided. 1. Aims and Objectives of Continuous Improvement in Operational Delivery Aims of Continuous Improvement in Operational Delivery Contribute to the efficiency- One of the main aims of continuous improvement is contributing to its usefulness or efficacy by identifying, reducing and eliminating the suboptimal processes. The gaps and inefficiencies can be reduced to improve competitiveness in providing higher quality at lower cost (Talib, Rahman and Qureshi 2013). Effectiveness- Continuous improvement aims to increase effectiveness by identifying successes and gaps in operations. The reasons behind such successes and gaps need to be identified. The newer and better solutions in operations are devised within tighter margins and shorter timeframes (Timans et al. 2014). Performance and compliance- The continuous improvement processes aims to comply with the legal and organizational standards of operational delivery. The operations require documented and periodic auditing to assist the organizations operations in achieving target (Shah and Shrivastava 2013). Objectives of Continuous Improvement in Operational Delivery The continuous improvement process has the following objectives- Enhancing process- With continuous improvement, there is constant check on the overall process. The process in operations used to manufacture products can be improved with consistent enhancement in supply chain or process that can be stressful. The problem solving can be enhanced at operations as the processes can be looked from a solutions perspective allowing employees to solve problems continually (Tracy 2014). Systems- The workflow of the operations can be improved through continuous improvement. The process can identify specific problems, analyse it, conduct brainstorming sessions and gather relevant information. The operation members who are responsible for carrying out tasks successfully can help in improving systems through continuous assessment and improvement (Psomas 2016). Structures- The continuous improvement targets to facilitate organizational structure. The operations manager having competency and experience in production, supply chain and maintenance can help avoid inter-departmental conflicts. The transparency of information across functions can help in enhancing operational delivery (Timans et al. 2014). Ways of working- As continuous improvement has a direct impact on the way things are done; the people at operations shall be greatly satisfied. The teams can be strengthened and people at operations can work together to enhance ways of working. Innovative ways of working can help streamline the operational processes (Cachay and Abele 2012). Reduce waste- By continuous improvement; the objective is to minimize wastage of resources and time. The objective is to minimize defective production, overproduction, waiting time, wasting employee knowledge, improper handling and transportation, inventory management and various other forms of wastage (Oakland 2014). 2. Total Quality Management TQM (Total Quality Management) is the practice where the management approaches in attaining the utmost customer satisfaction by improving products, services, processes and the working culture. It refers to organization-wide efforts to deliver high-quality products and services to customers. TQM faces multiple challenges in day to day operations and it is a combination of quality and management tools to reduce wastage, losses and enhance profitability. Total quality management ensures that every employee in the organization works towards improving processes, culture, systems, services and so on for long-term success and profitability of the organization (Lertwattanapongchai and William Swierczek 2014). Several components of total quality management are explained as under- Customer focus- Every organization depends on its customers and it is necessary to understand their present and future needs. Customer determines the level of quality. The customers determine if the effort taken by the management regarding training employees, upgrading processes and enhancing quality were worth (Lertwattanapongchai and William Swierczek 2014). Leadership- The purpose of leadership in an organization is to give a mission and vision to the organization. Leadership at operations help in motivating the employees to work and strive to attain organizational goals. The operational leaders can shape effective and efficient processes to run business successfully (Antony, Vinodh and Gijo 2016). Involvement of stakeholders- The people or stakeholders are one of the strongest essence at operations level. The employees at operations can share their knowledge and experience to improve quality. The employees may feel recognized for their high performance work systems (Lam, O'Donnell and Robertson 2015). Process approach- A fundamental component of TQM is process thinking. A process can be defined as a series of steps taken from internal or external suppliers to transform into outputs and deliver to the customers. Performance measures can be continuously monitored so that unexpected variation in the operations can be identified (Timans et al. 2014). Systems approach- Systematic and strategic approach can help in achieving organizations goals, vision and mission. The faulty systems and processes that generate waste may be identified by using lean approach. The operations department can have accountability of result where the tasks or activities performed by individuals can be listed (Lam, O'Donnell and Robertson 2015). Continual improvement- The TQM process involves continual improvement that drives an organization to be both creative and analytical. Continual improvement helps the organization to be more competitive and meet stakeholder expectations. It can be achieved through breakthrough projects where there are opportunities for further improvement (Lam, O'Donnell and Robertson 2015). Factual approach to decision making- Fact based decision making ensures the customer satisfaction and overall improvement in organizational performance. To ensure if the organization is performing, it is necessary to derive performance measures. The data from operations must be continually collected and analyzed for improving decision making, ensuring accuracy and making predictions (Ismyrlis and Moschidis 2013). Mutually beneficial supplier relationships- The quality of interdependency of an organizations relationship with its suppliers enhances the value. If an organization goes through change effective communication at the operations help in maintaining morale of the employees (Lam, O'Donnell and Robertson 2015). The significance of a positive relationship between total quality management and continuous improvement is vital for the organisations pre-determined objectives. Quality cannot be improved unless an organization goes through significant losses. TQM intends to continually improve the principles such as customer focus, involvement and process improvement. With the increase in one variable, the other variable tends to increase and vice versa (Gupta and Valarmathi 2014). 3. Comparison and Contrast of Kaizen and Six Sigma This section determines a comparison and contrast between continuous improvement theory- Kaizen, and quality management theory- Six Sigma. Kaizen as well as Six Sigma can be utilised for improving the processes as both of them have a theoretical approach which works towards the continuous improvement by enhancing efficiency and eliminating the unwanted occurrences or outputs. Both the approaches can help the organization save money and time. The goals of the company determine which theoretical approach must be applied. Both the approaches improve customer forms (Lam, O'Donnell and Robertson 2015). The word Kaizen originates from Japan and it means Change for the better which could also be concluded as Continuous Improvement. The roots of Six Sigma go back in 1986 where Bill Smith worked at Motorola. The term derived its name as it was registered in the Motorola trademark. Therefore, Kaizens history has its roots around the prehistoric Japanese philosophy since its first business use came to sense after the Second World War. However, Six Sigma has been a modern process improvement program as it was coined in 1980s (Gonzalez Aleu and Van Aken 2016). Kaizen is a journey adopted by organizations to use their personal creativity and ingenuity for identification of issues so that they can be resolved. According to the Kaizen philosophy, everything and every process can be made better or more efficient. The theory of Kaizen identifies three MUs- Muda (wastes), Mura (variation/ inconsistency) and Muri (strain/ burden on people machines). The Theory of Six Sigma looks into the improvement of the quality of output with the help of identification and removal of the causes of defects. The set of tools and strategies help in limiting inconsistencies and defects referred as Mura in the business processes. In technical terms, Six Sigma refers to a failure rate of 3.4 parts in a million or success rate of 99.9997% (Gonzalez Aleu and Van Aken 2016). Ther are two different methodologies that The Six Sigma follows - DMADV (define, measure, analyse, design, verify) and DMAIC (define, measure, analyse, improve, control). Therefore, the approache s applied have a different series of processes (George, Rowlands and Kastle 2014). Kaizen is greatly an overreaching form of process improvement that facilitates improving all aspects of the business by increasing efficiency and eliminating waste through standardization of process (Antony, Vinodh and Gijo 2016). However, Six Sigma has a way of process improvement which is specific and particularly apt, that lays emphasis on the final products quality enhancement. The process improvement involves examination of potential causes of low quality and high defects. It does not focus or examines all the processes of the business like Kaizen (Gonzalez Aleu and Van Aken 2016). Six Sigma involves reviewing the specific final product so that it can be improved. When kaizen is incorporated in a business process, there is large scope for improvement. All the employees are examined regardless of their level. However, Six Sigma is more involved in mathematical functions and comprises of measuring processes deviation from the best product. The aim is to attain zero defects at the time of project completion (Garca et al. 2013). 4. Continuous Improvement and Total Quality Management - Relationship The positivity of the relationship between total quality management and continuous improvement is quite clearly visible to those who practice both. Quality cannot be improved unless an organization goes through significant losses. Continuous improvement is considered as a component of TQM. Quality is a parameter that determines the superiority of the product or service. Every business considers quality management as an important concept. A happy and satisfied customer brings new customers that make it important to take care of their needs. Total quality management philosophy can also be called as a continuous improvement approach which focuses on the quality as its main dimension for an organization (Antony, Vinodh and Gijo 2016). As TQM focuses on improving quality and performance in all departments, functions and processes, there is a greater chance of exceeding customer expectations. TQM enables the management to adopt a strategic approach to quality management so that defects or losses can be prevented rather than inspection. Total quality management ensures training of employees in a strategic and professional way so that the overall quality can be improved to attain higher standards. The organizations can increase customer satisfaction, decrease cost and enhance team work through total quality management. Every organization requires immense time, resource and efforts for successfully implementing TQM (Cachay and Abele 2012). Continuous improvement is a type of formal or informal practice. It involves working continually to enhance quality of products, processes, systems and structure. No organization is in favour of compromising quality. The organizations aim is to maintain good quality along with reduction of time taken and cost incurred with the help of continuous improvement. The organisations whose management teams are incapable of practicing continuous improvement on a daily basis, the next optimum way to influence and imply the concept is by holding the continuous improvement events, which is also identified as Value Stream Mapping or Rapid Improvement events. These events generally take around one to five days to complete, that depends on the depth and extent of the topic meant to be covered, and the team members come up with to-do items helping the pristine processes to take hold and it might demand a small amount of time for its execution. TQM intends to continually improve the principles such a s customer focus, involvement and process improvement. With the increase in one variable, the other variable tends to increase and vice versa (Besterfield 2013). Conclusion Conclusively, one of the main aims of continuous improvement is to contribute to efficacy by identifying, reducing and eliminating the suboptimal processes. The problem solving can be enhanced at operations as the processes can be looked from a solutions perspective allowing employees to solve problems continually. The transparency of information across functions can help in enhancing operational delivery. The teams can be strengthened and people at operations can work together to enhance ways of working. Total quality management ensures that every employee in the organization works towards improving processes, culture, systems, services and so on for long-term success and profitability of the organization. The operational leaders can shape effective and efficient processes to run business successfully. The faulty systems and processes that generate waste may be identified by using lean approach. The organizations relationship with its suppliers is co-dependent and the relationship s hared between them enhances value. Quality cannot be improved unless an organization goes through significant losses. Quality cannot be improved unless an organization goes through significant losses. References Antony, J., Vinodh, S. and Gijo, E.V., 2016.Lean Six Sigma for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises A Practical Guide. New York: CRC Press. Besterfield, D., 2013.Quality control. 1st ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Cachay, J. and Abele, E., 2012. Developing Competencies for Continuous Improvement Processes on the Shop Floor through Learning FactoriesConceptual Design and Empirical Validation.Procedia CIRP, 3, pp.638-643. Garca, J., Maldonado, A., Alvarado, A. and Rivera, D., 2013. Human critical success factors for kaizen and its impacts in industrial performance.The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 70(9-12), pp.2187-2198. 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