Unexpected Places To Find Jobs

Sudden Places To Find Jobs You’re hands on search, so you’ve been hitting up your system and experiencing on the web work postings. Yet, you won’t have depleted every one of your alternatives except if you’ve had a go at following these 7 extra leads. Look at the accompanying 7 unforeseen spots to secure your positions. 1. Your previous bossProvided you separated genially and you accomplished great work for them, it’s really a keen move to find all your old supervisors to perceive what they need to state. (In the event that you severed a tie, it may even merit attempting to fix it back up now that you’ve both chilled and you’ve developed?) Maybe they won’t have a vocation for you, yet they might just have a lead. Furthermore, they may even be eager to place in a decent word.2. Previous coworkersif you haven’t as of now added all your previous associates to your system, now’s a decent chance to fix that. Associate with anybody you worked with legitimately, in addition to anybody in different offices or divisions with whom you may have had contact. In the event that you don’t realize where to discover them, attempt LinkedIn. They may have the option to get you out-and you could help them later on too.3. Organizations that didn’t enlist youWait, what? No truly. In the event that you had an extremely positive meeting process some place and didn’t eventually wind up landing the position, however were advised to stay in contact or even only that it was an extremely intense call and you shouldn’t be debilitated by not landing the position connect now! They’ll value the activity. What's more, regardless of whether they don’t have any openings, they may be happy to point you in the privilege direction.4. YouTubeThis is less to discover a lead and more to get yourself out there so the leads will come to you! Make a video rendition of your resume and post it to YouTube-or exhibit an espec ially master ability of yours. Ensure it’s of the highest caliber and excessively proficient before putting it online.5. NewspapersIt’s somewhat antiquated, yet a few organizations do place postings in the paper and scarcely any employment searchers despite everything search for them there. It’s consistently worth a shot. And keeping in mind that you’re at it, make a point to keep up on all the most recent news and business patterns pertinent to your field. At the point when you do discover a lead, you’ll be in a vastly improved situation to find the activity if you’re satisfactory on what’s going on in your industry and in the world.6. Graduated class networksNo matter where you went to class, in the event that you have a graduated class association you haven’t been exploiting, now’s an opportunity to change that. Go to graduated class bunch gatherings in your city. No one can really tell who you’ll meet. What's more, reward! You as of now share something for all intents and purpose as a discussion starter.7. A vocation coachYou’ll need to pay for this, yet the advantages could far exceed the expense. Get a specialist in your field to help assess your qualification and execution and help steer you through the pursuit of employment process in your field.7 Unexpected Sources For Job Leads

Favoring In Vitro Fertilization free essay sample

A conversation on the favorable circumstances and burdens of In Vitro Fertilization. This paper talks about the progressed regenerative advances that empower In Vitro Fertilization (IVF). The creator portrays the different potential explanations behind barrenness and shows that IVF is an ideal answer for such issues. He further inspects the favorable circumstances and hindrances of IVF. With just a 40 percent possibility of endurance, Lance Armstrong, a prominent racer bicyclist, was resolved that his name live on, not through news cut-outs, magazine articles, nor even through honors earned at the Tour de France. Armstrong needed a kid. Along these lines, despite the fact that he had been determined to have testicular malignant growth, he had the prescience to freeze his very own portion sperm. On account of his arranging, in October 1999, his better half brought forth a sound child. Furthermore, Armstrong, having defeated the malignant growth, can appreciate a child that would have conceivably been just an unrealistic fantasy had his better half not been prepared with her spouses sperm. We will compose a custom exposition test on Preferring In Vitro Fertilization or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page (Moving 78). Had his kid been cloned, the probability of that kid enduring malignant growth in the course of his life could have been maintained a strategic distance from. By applying many years of aptitude in IVF [in vitro fertilization], its conceivable to make cloning as sheltered and productive for individuals as are other regenerative advancements. Some IVF doctors as of now screen human incipient organisms by culling out one cell and checking it for explicit transformations before setting the remainder of the undeveloped organism in a womans uterus. (Travis 250).

Fun day playlist What weve been listening to COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Fun day playlist What weve been listening to COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog While most of you have submitted your applications already and are (patiently) waiting for a decision, many others are still working on their application to submit for the February 5th final deadline. So for your entertainment, I have put together a YouTube playlist of songs we’ve been listening to lately (some on repeat!).   You can check it out here: End of January 2014 SIPA Admissions playlist.     For those of you still working on your application, stay motivated with the SIPA Admissions motivation YouTube Playlist Jan 2014. Have a good weekend! Contributed by  DJ Pittboss

ronald reagan a true american hero Essay example

Reagan: A True American Hero† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;â€Å"We will continue our quest in space. There will be more flights and more space shuttle crews. And, yes, more volunteers.† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;-Ronald Reagan nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Ronald Reagan, viewed by some as a true American hero, was as stupendous as presidents can be. His dramatic speeches and down-to-earth personality made people proud to be American. Ronald Reagan seemed more then American. He was a patriot. Ronald Reagan cared deeply for the American people as well at their values. Our nation now felt,†¦show more content†¦Another huge impact on Reagan was Nixon. First, Reagan helped him to get into presidency. Then, when Nixon’s term was over, Reagan ran against him (Brown 47.) When Ronald got into office, he set a number of primary goals for his campaign. One of his biggest goals was to put a stop to terrorism. When a bomb exploded in a U.S. soldiers’ barracks in Lebanon, 1983, Reagan became enraged. He was bent on stopping the suspected culprit, Muammal al-Quddadafi, a Lybian dictator. He never succeeded in doing this. In addition, he wanted to put a stop to the ongoing violence in Israel, especially when Israel invaded Lebanon. (â€Å"Ronald Reagan† 236.) Many may say that Ronald Reagan’s ideals were far out of reach. Some saw his goals as â€Å"chameleon-like,† often changing his opinions to appeal to a particular group. In addition, he caused a great amount of tension between the US and the Soviet Union by ordering to replenish the U.S. nuclear arsenal by 25%. Overall, middle-class and upper-class people agreed with him. His orders to increase the arsenal sent the national debt down to 3 trillion dollars, one of the worst amount of debt to be drained by one president. All of the extra nuclear weapons and debt were because of his almost paranoid fear of the Soviets. (Fox M. Virginia 88-11.) Overall, Ronald was the right person at a critical time because his choices always seemed right. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;At the time of Reagan’s prominence, the attention of theShow MoreRelatedRonald Reagan: a True American Hero1204 Words   |  5 PagesReagan: A True American Hero We will continue our quest in space. There will be more flights and more space shuttle crews. And, yes, more volunteers. -Ronald Reagan Ronald Reagan, viewed by some as a true American hero, was as stupendous as presidents can be. His dramatic speeches and down-to-earth personality made people proud to be American. Ronald Reagan seemed more then American. He was a patriot. Ronald Reagan cared deeply for the American people as well at their valuesRead MoreEssay about Ronald Reagan, a True Hero770 Words   |  4 PagesRonald Reagan was a true hero to many Americans. He was a strong president who cared for this country dearly, and Reagan really proved this by his actions during his presidency. He also proved his love for country by serving in the U.S Army during World War II. Ronald Reagan also came through as a hero by fixing the American Economy that was heading for disaster just like today’s. If you can reflect on what he had accomplished throughout his administration you can clearly see why he was a popularRead MoreThe Presidential Election For The Presidency Of The United States1425 Words   |  6 Pagesfor the presidency of the United States, one might reach the conclusion that Ronald Reagan never left the campaign trail.   In the second GOP debate alone, the â€Å"Great Communicator’s† name was brought up a total of 23 times, which even exceeds the number of times Donald Trump mentioned China.   One of the comments coming from Jeb Bush was â€Å"I’m on the Reagan side of this.†   Additionally, Senator Marco Rubio stated that â€Å"Reagan and his approach worked (CITE).†   The candidates worked hard to evoke memoriesRead MoreRonald Reag A Hero2072 Words   |  9 PagesRonald Reagan was our 46th president of the United States and a true hero to many Americans. His strong belief’s helped him become a strong president, who cared for his country and proved it in many ways. For instance, he helped end the cold war and shape the U.S. government. He also helped many immigrants become citizens of the United States. Reagan also became a hero to many citizens by fixing the American economy that wasn’t doing so well after the Great Depression. Ronald Reagan is consideredRead MoreCelebrity Politicians3230 Words   |  13 Pagesplace in the United States of America allows all Americans to have their say in what occurs in this country. Through the power of the vote, Americans can decide who they want to represent them in every level of the government. Getting elected, however, is not as easy as it sounds. It would reasonable to assume that a candidate would be elected to their position if they are more qualified than their opponents. This however is becoming less and less true. Nowadays, instead of always voting for theRead MoreThe Legacy Of President Reagan1066 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the best presidents in the U.S. was Ronald Reagan. He was characterized by the love he showed to the country, many even considered him a hero. Reagan prove the American population what a true president is and what to expect of a president. Furthermore, he had a great communication with individuals and just by saying one word he could persuade the whole nation. When Reagan became president he was sure on the things that had to be done for the country. He compromise on the cut of taxes, curbRead MoreRonald Reagan, The Great Communicator Of The United States Of America Essay2033 Words   |  9 PagesRonald Wilson Reagan, the great communicator of the United States of America began his legacy of embodying the conservative movement during one of the most famous speeches in American history. Before Ronald Reagan became the fortieth president of the United States, he began his switch from acting and movies to government and politics. Early in Reagan’s career he saw himself as a democrat, with Theodore Roosevelt as his hero. This would change thru his acting and professional career as Ronald ReaganRead MoreRonald Reagan s Rise Of Power5415 Words   |  22 PagesDuring Ronald Reagan’s rise to power, California was a hub of cultural change and ethnic diversity. Nevertheless, California embodied the American ideals of opportunity that proliferated during the era- the opportunity for prosperity and success and upward social mobility through hard work. The economic output of the â€Å"nation’s state† was spectacular, rivaling even some of the largest nations of the time, surpassed only by six other nations. (Governor Reagan) This unmatched economic dominance wasRead MoreA Hero Essay939 Words   |  4 Pages                                                               Hero         A hero is defined as many things. While many people consider heroes to be larger than life figured, Christopher Reeves says that, A hero is an ordinary person, who preserves, and endures despite overwhelming challenges. This quote analyzes an unconventional definition of a hero from Christopher Reeves point of view. What truly makes a hero is the courage to say that, it is not one, which is the hero it is someone else. Someone else that foughtRead MoreThe Cold War Of The Soviet Union2085 Words   |  9 Pagesthings Reagan was known for his is stance on communist and his commitment to end the Cold War. Reagan was not afraid of the Soviet Union like his Carter or Ford who served as President before him. He told the Secretary of Defense to order whatever is needed and not to worry about the budget. He wanted to be in a position of strength, that way he believed he would be able to negotiate with them; he had a saying of â€Å"To build up to build down† http://mille rcenter.org/president/biography/reagan-domestic-affairs

Risk Areas Of The Royal Bank Of Canada Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1299 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Royal Bank of Canada (RBC) is the largest bank in Canada in terms of the assets and market capitalization. It provides diversified financial services including Canadian and international banking for personal users and commercial users, wealth management services, insurance, corporate and investment banking, capital markets and transaction processing services. Risks are lack of certainty of outcome and they are measured by set of probabilities in order to estimate the loss. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Risk Areas Of The Royal Bank Of Canada Finance Essay" essay for you Create order A superior wealthy financial service company should be able to solve any expected risks and unexpected risks to minimize the loss for all shareholders. The main purpose of this report is to examine how a financial intermediary faces the potential risk management challenges. The purpose of this research paper is to identify three major risk areas that Royal Bank of Canada has identified in its annual report. We will target one of these risks and provide further information on the actions that the bank takes to manage that risk. The sources of information will be the banks website, annual report by the banks and the concept that we have learned from this course and other sources as well. Risk Management The management of Royal Bank discussed different type of risk management in its 2010 annual report. The analysis is provided to enable the existing or potential clients, shareholders to assess how RBC has managed the risks with proper rules and guidelines. Royal Bank has an unique system to manage the following risks: credit risk, market risk, liquidity risk, operational risk, strategic risk, regulatory and legal risk, reputation risk, insurance risk, environment risk and other risk factors. In this report, three major risk areas that we will be briefly discussed are credit risk, market risk and reputation risk. Credit risk will be analyzed in detailed. 1) Credit risk Credit risk is 2) Market risk Market risk is 3) Reputation risk Reputation is one of the successful factors in all businesses or organizations. A good reputation can build trust and confidence with the clients and the shareholders. Reputation risk is a possible risk that the organization or its representative Detailed Examination on Credit Risk Let us define credit risk in two ways. The first way is how Saunders defines it. The textbook defines credit risk as not getting paid in full, whereas RBC defines credit risk not getting paid at all. This term varies across organizations. RBC is exposed to credit risk in many ways since they offer a wide variety of services and products in Canada and around the world that rely on customers credit. In almost all of their products it is trust-based, and credit-based.  Some of these services and products include: asset-backed financing margin lending securities lending and project finance loans credit cards lines and letters of credit, residential and commercial mortgages. How the Bank Examine the Credit Risk The way RBC examines risk is by quantifying the credit risk, at both individual and portfolio levels, with an aim to minimize expected and unexpected losses. They use different tools to assess risk for wholesale and retail portfolios. The wholesale aspect consists of med to large size businesses, sovereign and bank exposures, while the retail portfolios consist of residential mortgages, lines of credit, credit cards, and small business loans. RBC makes an approach in two ways under the Basel II, Advanced Internal Rating Based and Standardized. The key parameters they use can be broken into 3 parts: Probability of Default (PD): measures the probability of default by a obligor within one-year of signing the contract for a loan. Exposure at default (EAD): the remaining amount owed to the bank at the time default. Loss given default (LGD): estimated percentage of the EAD that will not be recovered in the event of default. When it comes to rated exposures, mainly in the bank classes, RBC assigns the risk-weight based on OSFIs standardized mapping. When it comes to unrated exposures, mainly in the small business and retail classes, RBC will generally apply pre-determined risk weights brought on by OSFI along with the guidelines that theyve set, where they consider techniques to deal with exposure type, credit risk mitigation and counterparty. Wholesale credit Portfolio This system built to measure the credit risk in their wholesale lending activities. How this system works is each obligor is assigned a borrowers risk rating or BRR and every BRR is assigned PD. The BRR is essentially what differentiates one borrower from another in terms how likely they will have a hard time paying back their obligations if things do right in the economy. Retail credit Portfolio When it comes to the retail portfolios, credit scoring is way of assessing primary risk of an obligor in paying its debt. Credit scoring is achieved by acquiring new clien ts, or by managing existing clients to estimate future credit performance. During the acquisition scoring model, credit risk on a person is established based on past employment data, or other external credit bureaus to estimate future credit performance. So the best example would be a person just applying for a first time credit card. Usually students are in this category. Those who never had one usually begin with a low limit credit card until they develop a credit history. Behavioural scoring is a continuous monitoring process on a persons credit. The best example for this would be a person getting their very first credit card and been using it for some time. The bank that issued this persons card and took a risk by issuing this card, can now observe his or her performance and determine their credibility for future references. Every banks main purpose is to minimize default risk and to reduce the chances of giving somebody some loans or credit that they might not recover at all. After a person has been using credit cards for some time, it is easier to get approved the second time since they have established a credit history with another bank already. What determines a good credit is if the person has been paying their debt on time, making the minimum payments on time, whether they applied for a loan or not, thing of that nature. Applying for too many credit cards can also reduce someones credit rating and it takes a long time to recover from a bad credit. One important place that we never think of that dips out credit rating is at the dealerships. Even if you go in just to take a look at the car you want, the next thing is before you buy a car, the salesperson will ask for a drivers license to have your credit checked to see if youre eligible for a loan commitment to own the car. Sometime we get in the moment and dont think about it but does bring down your credit rating. One example of that is, I was interested in a Dodge so I kept going into diffe rent Dodge dealerships asking about that one car. Everywhere I went they asked to check my credit. At one point my credit went from Approved to Not Approved because I had my credit checked everywhere, sometimes in other provinces in case I wanted to have the car brought to BC. When I went to Ford dealership for another car, the finance manager printed out my credit history and asked me why I had so many Dodge listed. After I explained my situation, he advised me that was the reason my credit dropped but knew otherwise it would be more than enough to get a Ford, so I was approved! Credit Risk Mitigation Structuring of transaction: Includes the use of guarantees, security, seniority and covenants. The third-party guarantors that RBC deals with are primarily Sovereign-sponsored agencies. Collateral: RBC makes sure they receive some sort of collateral on larger loans, depending on the borrower, and what type of loan.

The National Coalition Against the Death Penalty Free Essays

The death penalty has been a fairly contentious issue in the United States since 1930 when statistics first began to be regularly collected. By the late 1960s, an unofficial moratorium took place due to mounting opposition to the law that was authorized in all but 10 states. In 1972, the Supreme Court struck down the ‘arbitrary and capricious’ state and federal death penalty laws (History of the Death Penalty, â€Å"Death Penalty† â€Å"Moratorium†). We will write a custom essay sample on The National Coalition Against the Death Penalty or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, the 1976 rulings re-imposing the capital punishment brought to the fore the gravity of the issue for the American public. The Supreme Court decision bringing back the controversial law was met with concerted efforts by those who vigorously oppose death penalty. One entity that perhaps best symbolizes opposition to its reinstatement is the National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty (NCADP), a coalition organization formed shortly after the Supreme Court ruling. The NCADP has, since its formation in 1976, been the only national organization with a full staff that is devoted exclusively to the abolishment of the capital punishment. Its work includes the providing of information and public policy advocates and the mobilization of, and support for, individuals and institutions sharing the unconditional rejection of the death penalty (National Coalition  ¶ 1). NCADP Mission and Goals The main argument of the NDADP in its stand against the death penalty is the belief that the ultimate punishment equates to the devaluation of all human life. With the execution of the capital offender, the organization believes that the spiritual transformation intrinsic to every human being is denied. The organization also argues three other critical concerns, namely: the irrevocability of the capital punishment within a dishearteningly fallible judicial system; the law’s race and class bias against the poor and racial minorities, and the death penalty’s intrinsic violation of our most basic human rights. The National Coalition for the Abolition of the Death Penalty, based in Washington D.C., boasts of a 30-year history of organizing opposition to the U.S. death penalty (Hogan Hartson Announcements). One of the more prominent heads of NCADP has been Sister Helen Prejean CSJ, a Roman Catholic nun of the Sisters of St. Joseph of Medaille. Serving the organization from 1993 to 1995, Prejean became a crusader against the death penalty following her ministering and witnessing many executions beginning with that of Louisiana convicted murderer Elmo Patrick Sonnier. Her autobiographical account of the relationship she made with Sonnier became the basis for the film and opera Dead Man Walking. (Helen Prejean  ¶ 1-4). The mission of the National Coalition Against the Death Penalty is organized around the four central mission areas of legislative advocacy, grassroots advocacy, media advocacy and human rights advocacy. Believing that the abolition of the capital punishment in the United States can be achieved using a multi-faceted approach, the NCADP spells out its four-core mission as follows: Legislative Advocacy – cooperating with policy-makers and their constituents to adopt legislation that opposes the death penalty at the local, state, as well as national level. Media Advocacy – using mainly local and state media to broaden the public criticism of the capital punishment. Grassroots Advocacy – providing assistance to NCADP affiliates in organizing activities that oppose the death penalty and in reaching out to American communities to take a stand against the death penalty. Human Rights Advocacy – highlighting the capital punishment as a violation of human rights and   Ã‚  Ã‚   working to gain the support of the world in abolishing the death penalty in the United States. (National Coalition â€Å"Our Focus†). NCADP Strategy and Tactics The organization conducts its campaign against capital punishment using its four non-violent advocacy methods at the local, state and national levels. (National Coalition, Wikipedia  ¶ 2). The use of information dissemination is an important tool of the NCADP towards the goal of abolishing death penalty in the United States. Primarily using the local media, which it believes to be the greater news source of the American public, NCADP works to inform about facts and figures that strengthen the call against capital punishment. Through other media outlets including its website www.ncadp.org and the national media, it presents many eye-opening if not disturbing data on the modern implementation of death penalty in the country. The death penalty related information the NCADP provides is essentially statistics-based, perhaps in the effort to be scientific and less incontrovertible. It extensively collects and presents telling information such as: – 95 percent of the nearly 4,000 death convicts are so poor that they were unable to hire a private attorney. – African Americans comprise 42% of those currently on death row despite the fact that they make up a mere 12% of the total population. – More than 60% of those convicted to die for childhood offenses since the 1976 re-imposition have either been African Americans or Latinos (National Coalition, Fact Sheet).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Being a coalition organization, the NCADP strategy in seeking the legal abolition of death penalty includes forging linkages with state and local, national and international affiliates.   It has local affiliates in Alabama, Arizona and California and its national affiliates include Amnesty International, USA Program   to Abolish the Death Penalty. The NCADP also counts international affiliates from the United Kingdom (Death Penalty UK Death Row: Reprieve UK), Germany (German Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty (GCADP), France (Coalition for Truth and Justice; Ensemble contre la peine de mort) and Botswana (The Botswana Centre for Human Rights). The NCADP also list as an ally the Missourians Against State Killing organization (National Coalition â€Å"Affiliates†). Successes and Failures In evaluating its success or failure, many factors can be used to gauge the NCADP. Organization- and support-wise, America’s leading financial evaluator of independent charities, Charity Navigator, shows a successful picture of the NCADP. The National Coalition for the Abolition of the Death Penalty is considered a charity organization and its continued existence as the largest in its advocacy reflects the considerable support the American public has given it. No less than Charity Navigator gives it a thumbs up for financial health. Moreover, Charity Navigator has for the last three years given NCADP a consistent four-star overall rating (60++ percent from 2003-2005). Rating the coalition three stars for efficiency and four stars for capacity, Charity Navigator gives NCADP the highest overall peer rating along with the A.J. Muste Memorial Institute. (Charity Navigator â€Å"Rating,† â€Å"Peer Analysis†). In terms of the success of its mission of abolishing the capital punishment, the milestones in the collective efforts of all anti-death penalty advocates can be considered as success for the coalition organization itself. The NCADP recognizes the 2003 commutation for over 150 death convicts—the largest in modern American history—by Illinois Gov. George Ryan as   ‘a turning point in the debate over capital punishment’ in the country (NCADP Welcomes  ¶ 1 3). A most recent development is the 2005 Supreme Court in Roper V. Simmons ruling against the imposition of the death penalty for those under 18 years of age at the time of the crime. Another good news came in 2004 when the high court of New York declared death penalty unconstitutional. In terms of failures, the most obvious proof that NCADP has not met its goal is the fact that the capital punishment still exists as legal over more of the United States. Specific legislations have also strengthened death penalty as when President Bill Clinton signed two anti-terrorism laws in 1994 and 1996 that expanded federal death penalty and restricted federal court reviews, respectively (Information Center â€Å"Timeline†). However, judging by public support for and against the death penalty based on protracted Gallup Poll surveys, it would seem that the efforts of the anti-death penalty advocates—including the NCADP’s media advocacy—appear to be finally paying off. From the 1970s when the organization was formed until 1994, a great majority of Americans favored the death penalty over life imprisonment as penalty for murder. From 1994 to 1997, however, the number of Americans favoring life imprisonment instead has grown steadily. As of May 2004, even after the September 11 attacks, the number of those who favor death penalty was only marginally higher than those who go for life imprisonment (Information Center â€Å"Public Support†). NCADP has a charity privacy policy that requires the donor to inform the charity to remove his or her name and other contact information from the mailing lists sold, traded or shared. Current leadership of the NCADP has Diann Rust-Tierney as Executive Director and Jason Zanon as the Interim Executive Director (Charity Navigator â€Å"Donor Privacy Policy† ; â€Å"Leadership†). Works Cited Charity Navigator. Charity Rating: National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty. Charity Navigator website.;http://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm/bay/search.summary/orgid/7734.htm;. Death Penalty Information Center. Part II: History of the Death Penalty. DPIC website. 19 Dec. 2006;http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/article.php?scid=15;did=411;. â€Å"Helen Prejean.† Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 11 Dec 2006, 21:42 UTC. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 19 Dec 2006 ;http://en.wikipedia.org /w/index.php?title=Helen_Prejean;oldid=93663475;. History of the Death Penalty ; Recent Developments. University of Alaska Anchorage Justice Center. Updated 2 May 2005. ;http://justice.uaa.alaska.edu/ death/history.html#unitedstates;. Hogan ; Hartson. Announcements. Hogan ; Hartson website. 19 Dec. 20016 ;http://www.hhlaw.com/newsstand/detail.aspx?news=686;. National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty. About the NCADP. NCADP website. 19 Dec. 2006 ;http://www.ncadp.org/about_us.html;. National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty. Affiliate Links. NCADP website. 19 Dec. 2006 ;http://ncadp.org/affiliate_links.html;. National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty. Fact Sheet: The Death Penalty and Racial Bias. NCADP website. 19 Dec. 2006. ;http://www.ncadp.org/fact_sheet2.html;. â€Å"National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty.† Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 16 Oct 2006, 22:32 UTC. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 19 Dec 2006 ;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/ index.php?title=National_Coalition_to_Abolish_the_Death_Penalty;oldid=81876029;. NCADP Welcomes Largest Commutation Of Death Sentences In Modern U.S. History. 11 Jan. 2003. Initiative gegen die Todesstrafe website.19 Dec. 2006 ;http://www.initiative- gegen-die-todesstrafe.de/ncadp.htm;. ; ; ; ; ; How to cite The National Coalition Against the Death Penalty, Essay examples

Continuous Improvement of Operational Delivery

Questions: 1. Explain the aims and objectives of continuous improvement in operational delivery? 2. Define what the term total quality managementmeans in relation to operational delivery? 3. Compare and contrast twotheoretical approaches to continuous improvement and quality management? 4. Describe the relationship between continuous improvement and total quality management? Answers: Introduction Continuous improvement is a constant effort for improving the products, services or its related processes. These efforts can seek incremental improvement over time or breakthrough improvement all at once. Kaizen is a journey adopted by organizations to use their personal creativity and ingenuity for identification of issues so that they can be resolved. Total quality management or TQM refers to a management approach to attain customer satisfaction by improving products, services, processes and the working culture (Psomas 2016). Continuous improvement is explicit, precise and sometimes spontaneous as well, varied over its formal and informal nature. It involves working continually to enhance quality of products, processes, systems and structure. This report would focus in highlighting the significance of continuous improvement in operational delivery. The report explains the aims and objectives of continuous improvement in operational delivery. Further, total quality management is con ceptually elaborated. The relationship between continuous improvement and total quality management is identified. A comparison and contrast between the two theoretical approaches to continuous improvement and quality management are also explained. Lastly, a description for the relationship between continuous improvement and total quality management is provided. 1. Aims and Objectives of Continuous Improvement in Operational Delivery Aims of Continuous Improvement in Operational Delivery Contribute to the efficiency- One of the main aims of continuous improvement is contributing to its usefulness or efficacy by identifying, reducing and eliminating the suboptimal processes. The gaps and inefficiencies can be reduced to improve competitiveness in providing higher quality at lower cost (Talib, Rahman and Qureshi 2013). Effectiveness- Continuous improvement aims to increase effectiveness by identifying successes and gaps in operations. The reasons behind such successes and gaps need to be identified. The newer and better solutions in operations are devised within tighter margins and shorter timeframes (Timans et al. 2014). Performance and compliance- The continuous improvement processes aims to comply with the legal and organizational standards of operational delivery. The operations require documented and periodic auditing to assist the organizations operations in achieving target (Shah and Shrivastava 2013). Objectives of Continuous Improvement in Operational Delivery The continuous improvement process has the following objectives- Enhancing process- With continuous improvement, there is constant check on the overall process. The process in operations used to manufacture products can be improved with consistent enhancement in supply chain or process that can be stressful. The problem solving can be enhanced at operations as the processes can be looked from a solutions perspective allowing employees to solve problems continually (Tracy 2014). Systems- The workflow of the operations can be improved through continuous improvement. The process can identify specific problems, analyse it, conduct brainstorming sessions and gather relevant information. The operation members who are responsible for carrying out tasks successfully can help in improving systems through continuous assessment and improvement (Psomas 2016). Structures- The continuous improvement targets to facilitate organizational structure. The operations manager having competency and experience in production, supply chain and maintenance can help avoid inter-departmental conflicts. The transparency of information across functions can help in enhancing operational delivery (Timans et al. 2014). Ways of working- As continuous improvement has a direct impact on the way things are done; the people at operations shall be greatly satisfied. The teams can be strengthened and people at operations can work together to enhance ways of working. Innovative ways of working can help streamline the operational processes (Cachay and Abele 2012). Reduce waste- By continuous improvement; the objective is to minimize wastage of resources and time. The objective is to minimize defective production, overproduction, waiting time, wasting employee knowledge, improper handling and transportation, inventory management and various other forms of wastage (Oakland 2014). 2. Total Quality Management TQM (Total Quality Management) is the practice where the management approaches in attaining the utmost customer satisfaction by improving products, services, processes and the working culture. It refers to organization-wide efforts to deliver high-quality products and services to customers. TQM faces multiple challenges in day to day operations and it is a combination of quality and management tools to reduce wastage, losses and enhance profitability. Total quality management ensures that every employee in the organization works towards improving processes, culture, systems, services and so on for long-term success and profitability of the organization (Lertwattanapongchai and William Swierczek 2014). Several components of total quality management are explained as under- Customer focus- Every organization depends on its customers and it is necessary to understand their present and future needs. Customer determines the level of quality. The customers determine if the effort taken by the management regarding training employees, upgrading processes and enhancing quality were worth (Lertwattanapongchai and William Swierczek 2014). Leadership- The purpose of leadership in an organization is to give a mission and vision to the organization. Leadership at operations help in motivating the employees to work and strive to attain organizational goals. The operational leaders can shape effective and efficient processes to run business successfully (Antony, Vinodh and Gijo 2016). Involvement of stakeholders- The people or stakeholders are one of the strongest essence at operations level. The employees at operations can share their knowledge and experience to improve quality. The employees may feel recognized for their high performance work systems (Lam, O'Donnell and Robertson 2015). Process approach- A fundamental component of TQM is process thinking. A process can be defined as a series of steps taken from internal or external suppliers to transform into outputs and deliver to the customers. Performance measures can be continuously monitored so that unexpected variation in the operations can be identified (Timans et al. 2014). Systems approach- Systematic and strategic approach can help in achieving organizations goals, vision and mission. The faulty systems and processes that generate waste may be identified by using lean approach. The operations department can have accountability of result where the tasks or activities performed by individuals can be listed (Lam, O'Donnell and Robertson 2015). Continual improvement- The TQM process involves continual improvement that drives an organization to be both creative and analytical. Continual improvement helps the organization to be more competitive and meet stakeholder expectations. It can be achieved through breakthrough projects where there are opportunities for further improvement (Lam, O'Donnell and Robertson 2015). Factual approach to decision making- Fact based decision making ensures the customer satisfaction and overall improvement in organizational performance. To ensure if the organization is performing, it is necessary to derive performance measures. The data from operations must be continually collected and analyzed for improving decision making, ensuring accuracy and making predictions (Ismyrlis and Moschidis 2013). Mutually beneficial supplier relationships- The quality of interdependency of an organizations relationship with its suppliers enhances the value. If an organization goes through change effective communication at the operations help in maintaining morale of the employees (Lam, O'Donnell and Robertson 2015). The significance of a positive relationship between total quality management and continuous improvement is vital for the organisations pre-determined objectives. Quality cannot be improved unless an organization goes through significant losses. TQM intends to continually improve the principles such as customer focus, involvement and process improvement. With the increase in one variable, the other variable tends to increase and vice versa (Gupta and Valarmathi 2014). 3. Comparison and Contrast of Kaizen and Six Sigma This section determines a comparison and contrast between continuous improvement theory- Kaizen, and quality management theory- Six Sigma. Kaizen as well as Six Sigma can be utilised for improving the processes as both of them have a theoretical approach which works towards the continuous improvement by enhancing efficiency and eliminating the unwanted occurrences or outputs. Both the approaches can help the organization save money and time. The goals of the company determine which theoretical approach must be applied. Both the approaches improve customer forms (Lam, O'Donnell and Robertson 2015). The word Kaizen originates from Japan and it means Change for the better which could also be concluded as Continuous Improvement. The roots of Six Sigma go back in 1986 where Bill Smith worked at Motorola. The term derived its name as it was registered in the Motorola trademark. Therefore, Kaizens history has its roots around the prehistoric Japanese philosophy since its first business use came to sense after the Second World War. However, Six Sigma has been a modern process improvement program as it was coined in 1980s (Gonzalez Aleu and Van Aken 2016). Kaizen is a journey adopted by organizations to use their personal creativity and ingenuity for identification of issues so that they can be resolved. According to the Kaizen philosophy, everything and every process can be made better or more efficient. The theory of Kaizen identifies three MUs- Muda (wastes), Mura (variation/ inconsistency) and Muri (strain/ burden on people machines). The Theory of Six Sigma looks into the improvement of the quality of output with the help of identification and removal of the causes of defects. The set of tools and strategies help in limiting inconsistencies and defects referred as Mura in the business processes. In technical terms, Six Sigma refers to a failure rate of 3.4 parts in a million or success rate of 99.9997% (Gonzalez Aleu and Van Aken 2016). Ther are two different methodologies that The Six Sigma follows - DMADV (define, measure, analyse, design, verify) and DMAIC (define, measure, analyse, improve, control). Therefore, the approache s applied have a different series of processes (George, Rowlands and Kastle 2014). Kaizen is greatly an overreaching form of process improvement that facilitates improving all aspects of the business by increasing efficiency and eliminating waste through standardization of process (Antony, Vinodh and Gijo 2016). However, Six Sigma has a way of process improvement which is specific and particularly apt, that lays emphasis on the final products quality enhancement. The process improvement involves examination of potential causes of low quality and high defects. It does not focus or examines all the processes of the business like Kaizen (Gonzalez Aleu and Van Aken 2016). Six Sigma involves reviewing the specific final product so that it can be improved. When kaizen is incorporated in a business process, there is large scope for improvement. All the employees are examined regardless of their level. However, Six Sigma is more involved in mathematical functions and comprises of measuring processes deviation from the best product. The aim is to attain zero defects at the time of project completion (Garca et al. 2013). 4. Continuous Improvement and Total Quality Management - Relationship The positivity of the relationship between total quality management and continuous improvement is quite clearly visible to those who practice both. Quality cannot be improved unless an organization goes through significant losses. Continuous improvement is considered as a component of TQM. Quality is a parameter that determines the superiority of the product or service. Every business considers quality management as an important concept. A happy and satisfied customer brings new customers that make it important to take care of their needs. Total quality management philosophy can also be called as a continuous improvement approach which focuses on the quality as its main dimension for an organization (Antony, Vinodh and Gijo 2016). As TQM focuses on improving quality and performance in all departments, functions and processes, there is a greater chance of exceeding customer expectations. TQM enables the management to adopt a strategic approach to quality management so that defects or losses can be prevented rather than inspection. Total quality management ensures training of employees in a strategic and professional way so that the overall quality can be improved to attain higher standards. The organizations can increase customer satisfaction, decrease cost and enhance team work through total quality management. Every organization requires immense time, resource and efforts for successfully implementing TQM (Cachay and Abele 2012). Continuous improvement is a type of formal or informal practice. It involves working continually to enhance quality of products, processes, systems and structure. No organization is in favour of compromising quality. The organizations aim is to maintain good quality along with reduction of time taken and cost incurred with the help of continuous improvement. The organisations whose management teams are incapable of practicing continuous improvement on a daily basis, the next optimum way to influence and imply the concept is by holding the continuous improvement events, which is also identified as Value Stream Mapping or Rapid Improvement events. These events generally take around one to five days to complete, that depends on the depth and extent of the topic meant to be covered, and the team members come up with to-do items helping the pristine processes to take hold and it might demand a small amount of time for its execution. TQM intends to continually improve the principles such a s customer focus, involvement and process improvement. With the increase in one variable, the other variable tends to increase and vice versa (Besterfield 2013). Conclusion Conclusively, one of the main aims of continuous improvement is to contribute to efficacy by identifying, reducing and eliminating the suboptimal processes. The problem solving can be enhanced at operations as the processes can be looked from a solutions perspective allowing employees to solve problems continually. The transparency of information across functions can help in enhancing operational delivery. The teams can be strengthened and people at operations can work together to enhance ways of working. Total quality management ensures that every employee in the organization works towards improving processes, culture, systems, services and so on for long-term success and profitability of the organization. The operational leaders can shape effective and efficient processes to run business successfully. The faulty systems and processes that generate waste may be identified by using lean approach. The organizations relationship with its suppliers is co-dependent and the relationship s hared between them enhances value. Quality cannot be improved unless an organization goes through significant losses. Quality cannot be improved unless an organization goes through significant losses. References Antony, J., Vinodh, S. and Gijo, E.V., 2016.Lean Six Sigma for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises A Practical Guide. New York: CRC Press. Besterfield, D., 2013.Quality control. 1st ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Cachay, J. and Abele, E., 2012. Developing Competencies for Continuous Improvement Processes on the Shop Floor through Learning FactoriesConceptual Design and Empirical Validation.Procedia CIRP, 3, pp.638-643. Garca, J., Maldonado, A., Alvarado, A. and Rivera, D., 2013. Human critical success factors for kaizen and its impacts in industrial performance.The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 70(9-12), pp.2187-2198. George, M., Rowlands, D. and Kastle, B., 2014.What is Lean Six Sigma?. 1st ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. Gonzalez Aleu, F. and Van Aken, E., 2016. Systematic literature review of critical success factors for continuous improvement projects.International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 7(3), pp.214-232. Gupta, N. and Valarmathi, B., 2014.Total quality management. 1st ed. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill. Ismyrlis, V. and Moschidis, O., 2013. Six Sigma's critical success factors and toolbox.International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 4(2), pp.108-117. Lam, M., O'Donnell, M. and Robertson, D., 2015. Achieving employee commitment for continuous improvement initiatives.International Journal of Operations Production Management, 35(2), pp.201-215. Lertwattanapongchai, S. and William Swierczek, F., 2014. Assessing the change process of Lean Six Sigma: a case analysis.International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 5(4), pp.423-443. Oakland, J., 2014.Total Quality Management and Operational Excellence. 1st ed. NY: Routledge. Psomas, E., 2016. The underlying factorial structure and significance of the Six Sigma difficulties and critical success factors.The TQM Journal, 28(4), pp.530-546. Shah, P. and Shrivastava, R., 2013. Identification of performance measures of Lean Six Sigma in small- and medium-sized enterprises: a pilot study.International Journal of Six Sigma and Competitive Advantage, 8(1), p.1. Talib, F., Rahman, Z. and Qureshi, M., 2013. An empirical investigation of relationship between total quality management practices and quality performance in Indian service companies.International Journal of Quality Reliability Management, 30(3), pp.280-318. Timans, W., Ahaus, K., van Solingen, R., Kumar, M. and Antony, J., 2014. Implementation of continuous improvement based on Lean Six Sigma in small- and medium-sized enterprises.Total Quality Management Business Excellence, 27(3-4), pp.309-324. Tracy, B., 2014.Management. 1st ed. New York: AMACOM.

Government Control and the Green Scare Essays - Terrorism

Government Control and the Green Scare In the twenty first century, our greatest war is the War on Terror. For Americans, ever since 9/11 we fear more than ever for our security at home more than abroad. Our security is tighter than ever, sometimes to the point of being ridiculous, and we have been taught to accept government agencies stepping on our rights because it "keeps us safe." We have entered into an age of racial profiling, distrust, and fear that has allowed our government to use bills like the P.A.T.R.I.O.T Act to work around our individual rights. In times of fear, we are more pliable to the influences of those who claim they can protect us. This era of fear leads us into a big issue that is often not discussed or is hushed up: the unlawful arrest of activists in the name of homeland security. And the environmental activists have seen the worst of it. Environmental activists are an easy target for a suspicious government and a willingly submissive public. They are easy to target because they, in general, are outspoken and sometimes violent. Because they try to be so in the public eye, they become easy targets to track down unlike more allusive enemies. Michael Brady Although this violence is very rarely targeted at people, this still gives the government ammunition to detain violent and nonviolent protestors alike. And because the government and the media have become so adapt at making environmental activists look like radical terrorists, the general public lets cases like the SHAC 7 happen unjustly. Even when it is fair for activists to be brought up on charges, they are more often than not given inflated sentences, sometimes being sentenced longer than violent religious terrorists who were out to do harm (Potter). If you go to the website for Terrorism Research and Analysis Consortium' or TRAC', you will find that even within organizations there is some confusion as to the threat of environmental terrorism in our country. The blurb under Environmental Terrorist Groups' reads, "Most Significant Terror Threat to the United States since 1976, environmental terrorists within the United States have carried out over one thousand criminal acts and caused over one hundred and ten million dollars worth of damage. But the image of environmental activists as dangerous, even violent criminals is still jarring to the average American. We do not tend to think of environmental activism as being in the same category as other types of "terrorists" - including militias, jihadists or nationalist activists throughout the world. However, the Federal Bureau of Investigation defines environmental terrorism (or ecoterrorism) as Michael Brady the most significant domestic terror threat facing the United States today. And this threat is seen to have increased significantly in the past twenty years in terms of the types of acts committed, their potential for deadly violence and the numbers of individuals involved in committing these acts." The most significant domestic terror threat facing the US. Yes, you read that correctly. Not white supremacy, not radical extremism, but environmental activism is our nations greatest threat. They even admit the fact that it is very hard for most Americans to image environmental activists as terrorists and yet they are. There has yet to be a single human killed in an action put forward by an environmental rights group, yet they are labeled our most dangerous threat. Here is where the issue starts. With the FBI. Before I discuss the FBI's current issues of attack, lets remind ourselves of the government's past intrusions on our civil liberties, the most famous and most recent case being the Red Scare of the Cold War. Following the end of World War II, the US and the USSR moved into a state of nonviolent war. A power play really. As the world's two great super powers, they both wanted to one up each other constantly. And they were constantly fearing that the others political theory would take over the others. Because of this, the US feel into this constant fear of the Red Scare', a fear that communism would take over. This fear gave government officials like Joseph McCarthy the right to recreate the age-old witch-hunt. For the

Free Essays on Origins Of Behvior

Therapy The Origins of Cognitive Behavior Therapy Cognitive behavior therapy was devised in the late 1950s and early 1960s by Albert Ellis, Ph.D. in New York and by Aaron Beck, M.D. in Philadelphia. Although they worked independently of each other, both Ellis and Beck had grown dissatisfied with the traditional Freudian psychoanalytic therapies. Though both of these men trained with Freud, they believed that peoples’ conscious beliefs and thought processes were very important in understanding how people became depressed, anxious, or disturbed. Freudian psychoanalytic theory, on the other hand, tended to de-emphasize conscious thought. By the late 1950s, advances in behavioral science and experimental psychology had raised questions of the main assumptions of psychoanalysis, and new theories of the human mind were being introduced. â€Å"There are actually several kinds of Cognitive-Behavioral therapies (spelled behavioural in British English), employing the same general premise: in contrast to the psychodynamic emphasis on insight into unconscious motivation, the cognitive-behavioral therapies emphasize the ability of people to make changes in their lives without having to understand why the change occurs.† (Richmond, 2001) The Theory behind Cognitive Behavior Therapy By 1962, research into human emotion found that people’s thoughts, beliefs, and assumptions regarding events were important in guiding emotional experience (Carson, B.M. 2000). For example, important research showed that people labeled their physiological arousal according to the environmental situation they perceived. Experiments demonstrated that the physical effects of adrenaline could be labeled as fear, anger, or giddiness, depending on the person’s assumptions and thoughts about their situation. Because people's thoughts had such powerful effects on their emotional experience and emotional behavior, scientists were forced to devise new theories to accou... Free Essays on Origins Of Behvior Free Essays on Origins Of Behvior Therapy The Origins of Cognitive Behavior Therapy Cognitive behavior therapy was devised in the late 1950s and early 1960s by Albert Ellis, Ph.D. in New York and by Aaron Beck, M.D. in Philadelphia. Although they worked independently of each other, both Ellis and Beck had grown dissatisfied with the traditional Freudian psychoanalytic therapies. Though both of these men trained with Freud, they believed that peoples’ conscious beliefs and thought processes were very important in understanding how people became depressed, anxious, or disturbed. Freudian psychoanalytic theory, on the other hand, tended to de-emphasize conscious thought. By the late 1950s, advances in behavioral science and experimental psychology had raised questions of the main assumptions of psychoanalysis, and new theories of the human mind were being introduced. â€Å"There are actually several kinds of Cognitive-Behavioral therapies (spelled behavioural in British English), employing the same general premise: in contrast to the psychodynamic emphasis on insight into unconscious motivation, the cognitive-behavioral therapies emphasize the ability of people to make changes in their lives without having to understand why the change occurs.† (Richmond, 2001) The Theory behind Cognitive Behavior Therapy By 1962, research into human emotion found that people’s thoughts, beliefs, and assumptions regarding events were important in guiding emotional experience (Carson, B.M. 2000). For example, important research showed that people labeled their physiological arousal according to the environmental situation they perceived. Experiments demonstrated that the physical effects of adrenaline could be labeled as fear, anger, or giddiness, depending on the person’s assumptions and thoughts about their situation. Because people's thoughts had such powerful effects on their emotional experience and emotional behavior, scientists were forced to devise new theories to accou...

Meaning of Dance in Moving Midway by Godfrey Cheshire Essay

Meaning of Dance in Moving Midway by Godfrey Cheshire - Essay Example Traditionally, dance has been the means of communicating amongst the people there as they used this to tell stories about their cultural heritage. It is therefore pertinent to analyze the value of dance as non-verbal communication. Dance as a nonverbal means of communication played very significant roles in Moving Midway. Through dancing in the documentary, people usually expressed their emotions without having to make any verbal communication with other people. The dancers in the movie are seen using their facial expressions, eye contacts, touches and body languages of people to manifest their emotions and let people know how they feel about a particular situation or circumstance (Cheshire, Hinton & Silver). A dance was also a way that the characters in Midway Movie tried to teach the people their rich cultural heritage and historical background. It is clear from the film that dances, which is a non-verbal means of communication breaks language and cultural barrier when it comes to the expression of emotions amongst the people that take place in this dance. The documentary also brings one to the fact that a person’s expression of anger or sadness through the use of dance as a means of non-verbal communication is the same all over the world.

Geomorphology Lab 5 Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Geomorphology 5 - Lab Report Example us solution while EC measures the degree to which a solution carries an electric current, calculated as the ratio of the current density in the material to the electric field that causes the flow of current. Consequently, the complex nature of the variability calls for a study, which can provide a succinct explanation to the basis of this phenomenon. Data analysis was an important aspect in testing the hypotheses. In which case, data was collected for ph and EC for the different sites and tabulated. The data was then analyzed from drawing graphs for the different variables: pH vs EC, pH vs. site, EC vs. site. This allowed for testing relationship between stream chemistry and position besides testing that between pH and electrical conductivity. Water samples were collected from specified sites: Clarks River, 2: Bee Creek, 3: MCP unnamed trib. In SedSoilHuman Lab, lab Ph meter and EC meter were calibrated. Ph and EC on the water samples were measured. The results show that change in position contributes to the change in stream chemistry (ph and EC). This can be contributed to external factors such as pollutants, surface runoff and soil erosion. These factors vary within a river basin from one point to another. For instance, both factors affect the availability of ions at a given point. Soil erosion carry with it ions from one point to another so do pollutants add ions to their area of destination (Rajvaidya 45). In which case, increase in ions leads to increase in electrical conductivity of a solution (stream) while it leads to reduction in

Affected Business Ethics For Nike

Affected Business Ethics For Nike Globalisation is the process of transformation of regional phenomena into globalthorough communications (8). Due to globalisation organisations trade and communicate on an international level through integration. Causing the Flattering of the Globe (9) as said by T. L Friedman mentioning how the world is becoming a smaller place, people argue globalisation has affected people worldwide for the best and for the worst. Multi-national Corporations (MNCs) have been affected positively because they can operate in Less Economically Developed Country (LEDC) allowing them to cut costs resulting in a more prosperous profits. A MNC is an organisation that operates internationally in more than one country. The advantage of operating globally is firstly that the country accommodating the MNC benefits through job opportunities which will assist the economy and this can show a reduction of the gap between the MEDCs (More Economically Developed Country) and LEDCs. However MNCs can exploit the international workforce in LEDCs, because regulations in LEDCs differ from MEDCs so MNCs such as Nike use this to their advantage. Nike is a MNC that has been seen as operating in an unethical manner worldwide. So the ethical argument begins here towards the ethical considerations that MNCs face when operating in LEDCs around the world and how globalisation has actually affected Nikes business ethics. This essay will look at different aspects of ethics towards Nike and the reaction to globalisation. And whether Nike have helped or hindered LEDCs economies. The meaning of ethics is based around the difference of right and wrong as described by Aristotle in his doctrine of mean. There is no universal definition of ethics as Peter Singer proves by asking a simple question of why should I act morally? (5). It is impossible to have a fixed answer to the question because it is dependant on what an individuals perception of ethics is. Aristotelian ethics is termed by self realization (10) and explains how a person acts in accordance to their nature and realizes his full potential and also how nature does nothing in vain. So a person will be bad because of the un-natural upbringing. Naturally everyone is good, so for someone to be unethical it is the un-natural means that cause this. So relating to Nike and the individuals making the decisions, have they had an un-natural upbringing that has made them act unethically globally? Morally have they not developed or matured enough? As explained by Kohlberg and his analysis of the levels of moral development (1) (appendix A) Nike in LEDCs is in a situation where they are not forced to be ethical on how they should treat their workforce. With the workforce unaware of their rights and how they should be treated puts Nike in a predicament and questions Nikes business ethics due to globalisation. Globalisation can be seen as affecting Nikes ethics in a positive way for both company and employees in the LEDCs. Nike moving into a LEDC leads to employment opportunities, e.g. The Nike plant in China employees 4000 people meaning an extra 4000 employed in that country. Deontological ethics which is the Science of duty (7) meaning that some actions are obligatory regardless of the consequences would see this as ethical behaviour displayed by Nike globally. Nike are accomplishing their duty by contributing to their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) by providing jobs. Kantianism also follows deontological ethics and believes that consequences are irrelevant to how ethical someone is (1).Kantianism(1)argues the outcomes are irrelevant because someone can have bad intentions but can result in good consequences, this does not make the situation ethical due to unethical intentions. Regardless it has to be considered the argument can work both ways, intentions could be good but the ou tcomes could be bad which would be acceptable to Deontology/Kantianism. Nike is following their ethical duty according to Deontological ethics by providing employment in those LEDCs where employment is scarce and the economy is deprived. Another view to show that Nike is behaving ethically is if we look at it from a Hedonistic view point. Hedonism means the minimising of pain and maximizing of pleasure (11) and believes that the majority people pleased is the most ethical. Relating it to Nike, exploiting and making 4000 employees unhappy in the China plant is this better than making millions of customers unhappy because they cant deliver or deliver the product at a low price. So according to Hedonism ethics Nike is operating ethically because it is opting to please the majority and doing what it sees as the greater good (1). So in the point made above globalisation has affected Nikes business ethics in a positive way . To add to Hedonism there is Cyrenaic Hedonism(7)view point which looks at instant gratification rather than deferred gratification. (12) (Appendix B) This viewpoint looks at the short term affects or pleasing people only with the thinking of here and know and that tomorrow is another day and we should worry about that when it comes. A man hath no better thing under the sun, than to eat, and to drink, and to be merry You could say that Nike looks at its company way of life using this view point because of the way it is acting. It doesnt necessarily means that they are behaving unethically; it just means that they are only living for today which a lot of people do in general so you cannot hold it against a company for its way of life. However Nike is currently till this day polluting the environment, it may not of had a great impact yet but more than likely it will have a detrimental effect on them same employees and environment causing further problems with global warming in the long-term (13). There isnt a problem with Nike according to Cyrenaic Hedonism, but it is unethical behaviour because of the selfishness because they are not considering the future when it comes to it affecting other people because of their current actions. This leads to the Consequentialist view point of how Nike is behaving unethically because it is not thinking of the consequences of their actions. There is the point of how they are providing jobs for LEDCs but this does not mean they are helping LEDC. Nike is simply increasing the gap between the LEDCs and the MEDC in the long-term. So all the LEDCs are consumed in an evil cycle of global capitalism where the rich stay rich and the poor remain poor(3). Bringing us back to the argument of good and bad and we can link this to Consequentialist way of thought, where the most ethical path is not following intentions but what the consequences of their actions are. So if we were to see Nikes ethics from a Consequentialist point of view it would seem that they are not following business ethics due to globalisation because of the consequences of their actions being negative in the sense that the people in the LEDCs are working slave labour with no option but to take Nikes employment offer up(2). With the wages Nike provides to the workforce it is something that maintains them but not remove them from the poverty cycle. If they really w anted to follow business ethics globally they would pay wages that will actually benefit employees and that will make a difference to their economy. This could be associated with Utilitarianism point of view which is a type of Consequentialist theory. And it mainly focuses on once again the utility of the action and motives (1). As Bentham quoted as utilitarianism is the greatest good for the greatest number, this relates to the perception of Hedonistic views. So Utilitarianism and Hedonism do complement each other well hence creating Hedonistic Utilitarianism(14). The two individuals surrounding Hedonistic Utilitarianism are Bentham and Mills. Benthams view around Nikes business ethics is the greatest happiness for the greatest number, as previously mentioned, it is better to please millions of Nike customers at the cost of a few thousand employees be given pain. Mill however would argue it is the quality of the pleasure and pain that is crucial for Nike to be following business ethics globally. Mill would rather see millions of Nike customers unsatisfied with the Nike products than to see thousands of Nike employees going through slave labour. So Nike needs to not only consider the quantity of their business ethics but additionally the quality of their ethics. As Mill would say globalisation in Nikes scena rio has caused Nikes business ethics to be unethical because of the pain and frustration the Nike workforce is going through due to Nike not considering the consequences. However the argument could once again be perceived from a different angle, as i have stated previously about Hedonist views and how placing 4000 employees in suffering may be justifiable to some because of the pleasure the millions of customers may get when they have the ability to purchase the Nike product or purchase at a low price. In this moment in time Nike is attempting to display their business ethics globally due to a plummet in sales and profit. This was due to the bad media coverage Nike received about their poor wages, poor working conditions, Sweatshops, child labourthe list goes on. Conveniently their interest in CSR only increased when profits decreased(15+16). This according to Virtue Ethics school of thought is seen as unethical behaviour. Virtue ethics does not look at motives or consequences like Deontology and Consequentialist but rather it looks at the moral character of a person or in this situation the moral character of Nike. Virtue Ethics would label Nike for its attempt of having a new approach to CSR as ultimately unethical. Even if Nike is benefiting their employees worldwide, because of the sudden pull towards CSR to someone who thinks from a Virtue Ethics perspective, it doesnt matter, because they have still got a bad moral character and their approach towards CSR and ethics are for t he wrong reasons and are only there for their overall personal gains which is profits. However Consequentialist and Deontological views would not agree with the Virtue Ethics approach to ethical behaviour, Consequentialist main thought is the outcomes and deontology is the science of duty. In this essay i have mentioned different view points and how they would perceive MNCs such as Nike and judge it according to their beliefs as being ethical or unethical globally. The main schools of thoughts being Deontology, Consequentialist and Virtue Ethics. Nikes situation could be looked at with a non-cognitive attitude, meaning that the statements made cannot be determined whether they are right or wrong universally, and the answer is dependent on personal beliefs(Appendix) there is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so'(17) Once again thought needs to surround the fact that one mans terrorist, is another mans savoir. The world is discouraging with Nikes operations but at the same time those same people may be supporting Nike by purchasing their products. This shows the world is a hypocrite so you cannot judge ethical behaviour especially globally because of the level of diversity. Even though there is an understanding of natural Law, which is like unwritten rules that have been passed from generation to generation and that go without saying. Overall I think that Nike is not helping the people of LEDCs regardless of the employment provided and the only reasons for them to operate abroad is to maximise their own benefits even if it means to ruin someones life and to keep them LEDCs poorly developed. The points made about Nikes unethical behaviour above can be argued depending on the ethical view point but in my opinion some of the acts carried out by Nike such as slave labour are seen as universally wrong and I am unable to understand how they have managed to justify it till this day. If Nike really wants promote CSR they should attempt to eliminate poverty by intervening in the poverty cycle for these LEDCs.

Storytelling and its contribution to organizational theory

The storytelling approach towards the knowledge sharing is explored in detail. The story telling can be used to elicit tacit knowledge and can be used to flow the knowledge about previous events in the organization and any other work related knowledge in an interesting and effective manner. Since emotions are attached to the stories, they narrate the much value to the listeners and the listeners tend to keep what they have heard. In this sense, organization memory is created by the anecdotes of the stories being told.The lessons learnt from the past experiences are label to the employees working now. It is also studied the negative stories have much impact on the listeners. The story telling has the potential to capture tacit knowledge and how it is done in the context of IBM is explained. Moreover, the story telling in the organizations can be enhanced by the use of IT tools like intranet, emails and other knowledge management systems which helps employees to create platform to shar e their stories and communicate the values of the organization.This values and the knowledge base of the organization helps to form the organization memory. Table of Contents Introduction Storytelling is one of the approaches towards knowledge capture and codification, the first phase of KM cycle. This is used to elicit tacit knowledge, towards creation of new knowledge and to organize the content in systematic manner. In knowledge capture phase, the distinction between the capture of existing knowledge and the creation of new knowledge has to be made. Mostly, only existing knowledge is set into the pattern, which only forms the explicit knowledge.There is huge pool of knowledge, which needs to be captured towards generating the new knowledge and that knowledge is mostly tacit in nature, which resides within the heads of knower. Every organization also has a memory. The embodiment of the organizational memory is the experience of its employees, tangible data and knowledge stores in the organization (Walsh and Unison, 1991). The value of knowledge is increased when it is transferred otherwise the uncultured knowledge is devalued and ignored with time. In today's fast-paced economy, an organization's knowledge base is quickly becoming its only sustainable competitive advantage.This competitive advantage is owned by utilizing the organizational knowledge, the individual skills, thoughts and ideas. So Tacit knowledge management is must to capture the experience and expertise of the individual in an organization and making it available to anyone who needs it. Once the tacit knowledge becomes explicit, it needs to be organized in a structured document that will enable multipurpose use. The KM tools help to create knowledge and then leverage it across multiple channels, including phone, email, discussion forums, Internet and any new channel that come online.Story telling is one of the best KM tools to capture tacit knowledge. Organizational story can be defined as pa st management actions, employee interactions or other key events that have occurred and that have been communicated informally (Swap et al, 2001). The stories provide a rich context making it interesting for the listeners and also remains in the conscious memory longer. Stories reinforce organizational learning and communicate common values. The core capabilities of an organization are built by critical skills of employees, management systems and organizational values.This capability can be transferred in formal and explicit way. However much knowledge articulacy knowledge with rich tacit dimensions is transferred internally through processes of colonization and initialization. Story telling is one such transfer mechanisms that can leverage the tacit knowledge of the organization. Literature Review The use of the stories and storytelling may provide a powerful practice as a part of efforts by individuals, groups or organizations to share what they know. It breaks away from the tradi tional means of communication and adds new dimension to the knowledge management tools.Deeding, in his article â€Å"Telling Tales† tries to convey hat the age-old practice of storytelling is an effective method to be used as knowledge management tools but the stories told should match the situation and conditions in the organization. Storyteller as a leader should influence the listeners and the story should have enough detail to be intelligible and credible. Different narrative patterns like Sparking Action, Communicating who you are, Transmitting value, Fostering collaboration and Taming the grapevine can be used.Snowman's article titled â€Å"The new simplicity-context, Narrative and Content† focuses on the need f knowledge management to go beyond the boundaries of using best practices into the realms of uncertainty. Since both the human behavior and system are complex, the cause and effect of the system and the interacting agents can't be separated; the contextual stimulation is needed to capture the knowledge. The decision making pattern is important. Narrative is emerging as one of the most exciting approaches to knowledge management.It involves going and finding a person to ask questions whenever faced with the new task or encounter a problem and get context-sensitive answers. In short, stories allow the communication of complex ideas in a simple, memorable form. Karakul Shaffer B Kali in his research on â€Å"Transfer knowledge Using Stories: A Malaysian University Case Study † attempts to explore the usage of knowledge-embedded stories in a Malaysian institute of higher learning and will consider the understanding of organization members concerning storytelling in the organization.It provides insights on the culture of storytelling as a method of knowledge transfer medium and explores the practicality of using stories in the organization and the employee's perception of the usage of stories to transfer knowledge. This case reveal s that story telling is regarded as an acceptable approach in knowledge transfer. Mostly gathering sessions in the university stimulated storytelling. The case also presented the factors that influence the KM storytelling.The factors are an extension of the existing knowledge transfer factors mentioned in literatures, which do influence KM storytelling. Walter Swap, Dorothy Leonard, Mimi Shields and Lisa Abram in their research â€Å"Using Mentoring and Storytelling to transfer knowledge in the Workplace† explains that the knowledge with rich tacit dimensions is transferred informally through processes of colonization and naturalization. They have focuses on two transfer mechanisms mentoring and storytelling.Most stories told informally in organizations are negative. Therefore managers interested in how knowledge accrues in the organization cannot ignore these important transmitters. Stories that dramatist or illustrate managerial systems, values, norms are more likely to be believed and acted upon than mere statements of policies and norms. Finally, the use of information technologies can enhance the story telling. The effect of verbal storytelling can be enhanced through the use of multimedia.Consistent with the elaboration effect, seeing and hearing the storyteller can add weight and detail to the story as can visual about the environment in which the story occurred. Story-telling-a technique to capture tacit knowledge In KM, the knowledge capture and creation may be done by the individuals who work for the organization or a group within that organization, by all members of a community of practice (COP), or by a dedicated COP individual.So the creation, capture and the codification of the information is done at the personal level while performing activities at Job. Within the firm, individuals share perceptions and Jointly interpret information events and experiences (Cohen and Leviathan, 1990) and at some point, knowledge acquisition extends beyond the individuals and is coded into corporate memory (Napkin, 1995; Spencer, 1996; Monika and Takeouts, 1995). Unless knowledge is embedded into corporate memory, the firm cannot leverage the knowledge held by individual members of the organization.Knowledge acquisition from individuals or groups can be characterized as the transfer and transformation of valuable expertise from a knowledge source (human expert, documents) to a knowledge repository (organizational memory, facts and rules). Explicit knowledge is already well described but we need to abstract and summarize this content. Tacit knowledge capturing needs various techniques of which story telling is the one. Stories involve the detailed narrative of management actions and decision-making styles, employee activities and interaction and other events within the division that are communicated informally within the organization.A story can be defined as telling of a happening or a connected series of happenings whether true or fi ctitious (Deeding, 2001). This involved the group interaction and collaboration for story telling. The SEC' model developed by Knock and Takeouts also supports that story telling or narratives can be used to bring out tacit knowledge. Fig 1 :SEC Model by Monika and Takeouts Here, colonization process is involve which emphasizes the tacit knowledge exchange through Joint activities such as gathering, spending time together, informal talks and living and working in the same environment rather than through written or verbal instructions.The process of transferring one's ideas or images directly to colleagues or subordinates means to share personal knowledge and create commonplace or Baa. During extrapolation process, an individual commits to the group and thus becomes one with the group. The individuals' intentions and ideas merge and become integrated with the group's mental world. This involves the expressing of ideas or images as communicable manner such as metaphors, analogies, eve nt description or narratives. A number of conditions must be in place, however, in order to ensure that storytelling in its various enacted forms creates value in a particular organization.Sole and Wilson (2002) argue that although all stories are narratives, not all narratives are good knowledge-sharing stories. As an example, they cite movies, which tell stories designed primarily to entertain and therefore need not necessarily be authentic-?or even believable. In contrast, in organizational storytelling, stories are often used to promote knowledge sharing, inform, and/or prompt a change in behavior, as well as communicate the organizational culture and create a sense of belonging.In order to achieve these organizational objectives, knowledge-sharing stories need to be authentic, believable, and compelling. Stories need to evoke some type of response, and, above all, they need to be concise Deeding, 2001), so that the moral of the story or the organizational lesson to be learned c an be easily understood, remembered, and acted upon. In other words, organizational stories should have an impact: they should prevent similar mistakes from being repeated, or they should promote organizational learning and adoption of best practices stemming from the collective organizational memory.Deeding (2001) describes the power of a springboard story, knowledge that has been captured in the form of a brief story that has the ability to create a strong impact on its audience. He outlines a number of key elements required to use stories to encapsulate valuable knowledge, such as: The explicit story should be relatively brief and detailed Just enough that the audience can understand it. The story must be intelligible to the specific audience so that they are â€Å"hooked.The story should be inherently interesting. The story should spring the listener to a new level of understanding. The story should have a happy ending. The story should embody the change message. The change mes sage should be implicit. The listeners should be encouraged to identify with the protagonist. The story should ell with a specific individual or organization. The protagonist should be prototypical of the organization's main business. Other things being equal, true is better than invented.One should test, test, and test again Story telling and KM processes involved in context of MM. IBM has leverage on the power of story telling at the daily work place to enhance the employees' performance. IBM has a four-stage storytelling approach. 1 . Anecdotal elicitation through interviews, observation and story circles 2. Anecdotal deconstruction to analyses cultural issues, ways of working, values, rules and beliefs to lied the story's key messages 3. Intervention / communication design with a story constructed or enhanced 4.Story deployment Story telling workshops can be run to elicit the knowledge and cultural values of an organization as well as both its best and inhibitors to sharing and identifies business issues. Values, rules and beliefs of organization were identified. Storytelling provides the platform to the employees to share experiences and build social capital and networks and most importantly it achieves agreement among the participants The knowledge management framework developed by Olivia and Lieder (2001 a) is based n the view of organizations as â€Å"knowledge systems†.According to this view, organization consists of four knowledge processes Creation Storage / Retrieval Transfer Application Here in case of MM, knowledge creation process takes place by the creation of anecdotes, which are captured as tacit knowledge, and they are stored in a repository and aligned with communities, processes and subject areas. This shows the knowledge storage process.Then the knowledge transfer takes place through support discussion forums (lunch and learn), databases, intellectual capital, management systems (training), document management systems, bulletin boa rds, inline chats, portals (community kick-off days) and intranets. Ultimately, the people who make communities do the knowledge application process. The effective communities have valuable stories. Practice of dedicated Story Telling Sessions The practice of dedicated story telling sessions in some organizations have proved the increased level of knowledge exchange among employees.For example, NASA, Deducted and Malaysian university have Km initiative in form of story telling sessions. The ITEMS (Information Services and Media Services) Department has its own storytelling sessions. There are two storytelling session ITEMS Sharing Session- It involves the staffs from whole ITEMS department and it is conducted once a week to share the stories on the problems encountered and the solutions. Toolbox Session-alt only involves the units in ITEMS department. It gathers the support unit employees to share their stories on the problems raised.They have one program to stimulate KM storytellin g called Buddy program. In Buddy program, two employees from different department are paired together to work as a single department. Junior staff is paired with senior academic acting as mentor. Conclusion Stories are powerful conveyors of meaning and tacit knowledge and been in use from ancient times. It helps to share knowledge with context and emotion. It triggers the listeners to respond with other stories building new understanding.Stories can capture and hold the attention increasing the likelihood of hearing and listening. Story telling is very valuable in story telling network. Any organization has a set of its memories embedded from the time of its inception. These memories are the skills and knowledge of its employees while in an organization over the years of operation. So, the organizational memory has its role on forming the knowledge base of the organization. Employees can use the organization memory to learn and improve the effectiveness of their work.Employee's know ledge can be stored and then information and knowledge can be shared by KM. Organizational memory is one of intangible assets of one organization; it stores past experiences and knowledge, supports organization strategy and improves organization effectiveness. Accordingly, it is important to establishment and development of organizational memory for KM. Organizational culture can be stored by story, and it is one of retention facilities of organizational memory.The idea, spirit, and culture of organizations can be passed down by storytelling. Through storytelling, organization members emotionally connect to their organization and then identify their organization. Storytelling can store organizational culture, convey experience and knowledge, and improve acquisition, retention, and maintenance of process of organizational memory management. Organization value and spirit can be conveyed effectively by storytelling.

Myths and Narratives: The Origin of the Humanities Essay

One thing I remember from when I was young, is Two little dicky birds sitting on a wall One called Peter, one called Paul, Fly away Peter, fly away Paul, Come back Peter, come back Paul. Two little caterpillars sitting on a leaf, One called Brian, one called Keith, Two little butterflies flying through the air One called Brenda, one called Blair. There actually is a distinction between reading a article and telling a story. Most mature individuals employed with young children will read publications and tales to the juvenile persons in their charge. Somehow, they appear to believe that it’s simpler – that the publication is a security bedding in case they overlook the story. But it is not – it’s a barrier. It inhibits the direct connection and communicate between bank clerk and listener – the most mighty device the storyteller has. Having enduring eye-contact with an assembly conceives a bond and togetherness and a engrossment on the article itself. If you have only ever read tales to young children, then trial telling a article and observe the difference. Storytelling is essential in a child’s development. We survive our survives through narrative and the quicker we can commence, the better. Storytelling opens higher channels of communication and rouses emotional, imaginative and linguistic development. It endorses participation and grows confidence and a sense of self-esteem. Storytelling encircles the juvenile with imaginative words, introduces unacquainted words in a narrative context, introduces narrative plan and sanctions youngsters to give voice to their have models in their have language. When they start to write, youngsters uncovered to storytelling will already, unconsciously, have the administers of plan and a advanced grasp of language. Working orally first will sanction them freedom from spelling and grammar. Children introduced to stories and stories read more basically and to a higher level. They will separate models, creations, plan and someone stories. Storytelling grows concentration and listening skills. Children can experience emotions through the safety of the story and can investigate worlds and instances into the open their have environment. Even the youngest juvenile has a story to tell. They are natural storytellers whether from experience, imagination or memory and commending them to tell their have and retell other stories endorses a sense of self-worth and esteem. Storytelling grows vitality of imagination. Through telling their have stories, youngsters learn to plan orally, to portion and listen to their peers and to exercise their have words with pride.

Optical Phenomena Rainbow

Optical Phenomena: Rainbow By far and large, the rainbow is one of nature’s most spectacular masterpieces and an excellent demonstration that sunlight is composed of a band of wavelengths each with a distinct color (Henderson, 2016). The rainbow appears as a bow or an arc-shaped spectrum of prismatic colors in the sky opposite the sun from the observer’s perspective, particularly after the rain. It is caused by both the refraction and reflection of the sun’s rays by rain droplets suspended in the atmosphere (Williams, 2013, p. 11-13). This aspect explains why rainbows are only visible when the sun is hanging low in the sky, usually late in the afternoon – in which case it will be to the east of the observer – or seen early in the morning – in which case it will be seen to the west of the observer. To view the rainbow, one need to face away from the sun and look above the ground into the region of the atmosphere covered with suspended water droplets after rain or with a light blanket of mist. In this part of the atmosphere, each suspended individual droplet of water acts as a tiny prism that not only refracts the light from the sun but also reflects it back to the eye of the observer. Therefore, as one sight into the sky, rays of light each concomitant with a particular color is perceived from the collection of the water droplets. This optical reflection results in a colorful circular arc of ROYGBIV (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet) across the sky (Henderson, 2016) (Image 1). Sometimes due to double reflections and refractions of light, a secondary rainbow, which is distinctly larger and paler than the primary rainbow with the colors reversed (VIBGYOR) appear within the original arc. It has so far been established that a rainbow is neither a ‘thing’ nor an ‘object’ and does not exist in any particular locale but is rather an ‘optical phenomenon’ that appears in the sky when sunlight and atmospheric conditions happen to be in the perspective of the observer. Thus, the prime condition for the spectacle to take place requires water droplets and sunlight. Because the suspended water droplets have different optical density than the surrounding atmosphere, it acts as a refractor of light. As the rays cross the air-water droplet interface, it decreases in speed upon entry into the water droplet, reflects, and then refracts (bends away) as it drives through and exits the drop (Henderson, 2016). During this process, the different colors of the white light bend and change to travel at speeds proportional to their characteristic wavelength – with red moving fastest and violet slowest. In other words, the visible light scatters into its constituent seven colors, bounces (reflects) out of the droplet and the rainbow is created. Because sunlight is made up of several wavelengths (or colors) of light, these wavelengths bend at different rates – with some bending more than the others when the lights enter a medium of different density from another. In the ROYGBIV spectrum, red – the longest wavelength – bends the least while violet – the shortest wavelength of the visible light – bends the most. Therefore, when the sunlight upon entering the water droplets exits, it is separated into its constituent wavelengths (colors) of the rainbow with Violet on the bottom and Red on top of the arc. Even though the rainbow appears on the ground as an arc, in the right conditions, and at greater heights, it is a complete circle (Henderson, 2016).